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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 111-115.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220308

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021年北京市高中及以下学段入学新生肺结核筛查结果分析

陶荔莹1, 徐征2, 赵鑫1, 李艳圆1, 李亚敏1, 许琰1, 张亚楠1, 高志东1()   

  1. 1北京市疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所,北京 100035
    2北京市卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制处,北京 100053
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-12 出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2022-12-30
  • 通信作者: 高志东 E-mail:guhu751029@126.com

Analysis of tuberculosis screening results among freshmen of high schools and below in Beijing,2021

Tao Liying1, Xu Zheng2, Zhao Xin1, Li Yanyuan1, Li Yamin1, Xu Yan1, Zhang Yanan1, Gao Zhidong1()   

  1. 1Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control of Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100035, China
    2Disease Prevention and Control Division of Beijing Municipal Health Commission, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2022-08-12 Online:2023-01-10 Published:2022-12-30
  • Contact: Gao Zhidong E-mail:guhu751029@126.com

摘要:

目的: 分析2021年北京市高中及以下学段入学新生肺结核筛查结果,为科学规范开展新生结核病筛查工作提供依据。方法: 选取“北京市新生肺结核筛查系统”中2021年3804所学校高中及以下学段筛查信息记录完整的467088名新生作为调查对象,收集其基本信息、肺结核可疑症状及密切接触史、结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin skin test,TST)结果,以及胸部X线摄片(简称“胸片”)检查结果等资料,并进行分析。结果: 467088名调查对象中,有肺结核可疑症状者占0.17‰(80/467088),有肺结核密切接触史者占0.40‰(187/467088)。69519名调查对象进行了TST,阳性率为13.45%(9353/69519)。寄宿制学校初中学段调查对象TST阳性率为11.07%(960/8673),明显低于高中学段调查对象的13.77%(8369/60758),差异有统计学意义(χ2=52.927,P<0.001)。有肺结核可疑症状或密切接触史者TST中度及以上阳性率为12.64%(23/182),明显高于无肺结核可疑症状或密切接触史者的4.77%(3305/69337),差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.531,P<0.001)。9514名调查对象完成胸片检查,共有7名调查对象诊断为活动性肺结核。有可疑症状、密切接触史或TST中度阳性及以上者胸片异常率为5.32%(183/3443),明显高于直接行胸片检查者的4.05%(246/6071),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.140,P=0.004)。结论: 有肺结核可疑症状或密切接触史者的比例均随着学段的升高而增高。筛查发现的7例活动性肺结核患者均为高中学生,符合16~22岁为学生肺结核发病高峰的发病特征,和历年的筛查结果基本一致,提示新生结核病筛查应重点关注高中学生。

关键词: 结核,肺, 学生, 结核菌素试验, 人群监测

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the tuberculosis (TB) screening results among freshmen of high schools and below in Beijing, and to provide a basis for more scientific and standardized TB screening among new students. Methods: A total of 467088 freshmen with complete screening information records in the “Beijing Freshmen Tuberculosis Screening System” in 2021 were selected as the research objects.The students were from 3804 high schools and below. Basic information, suspected symptoms of TB and history of close contact, TB skin test (TST) results and X-ray chest examination were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 467088 subjects, 0.17‰ (80/467088) had suspicious symptoms of TB, and 0.40‰ (187/467088) had close contact history of TB. The TST was performed in 69519 subjects with the positive rate of 13.45% (935/69519).The positive rate of TST in boarding middle school was significant lower than that of high school (11.07% (960/8673) vs. 13.77% (8369/60758), χ2=52.927, P<0.001). The positive rate of moderate or above TST was 12.64% (23/182) in subjects with suspected TB symptoms or close contact history, which was significantly higher than that in those who without suspected TB symptoms or close contact history (4.77% (3305/69337), χ2=41.531, P<0.001). Of the 9514 students who finished X-ray chest examination, 7 were pulmonary TB patients. The abnormal rate of chest X-ray of subjects with suspicious symptoms, close contact history, moderately positive TST or above was 5.32% (183/3443), which was significantly higher than that of self-tested subjects (4.05% (246/6071, χ2=8.140, P=0.004). Conclusion: The results of this survey show that the proportion of students with suspected symptoms of pulmonary TB or close contact history increases with the increase of the school period. The 7 subjects of active pulmonary TB found in the screening were all high school students, which conformed to the characteristics of the peak incidence of pulmonary TB among students aged 16-22 years old was, and was basically consistent with the screening results over the years, suggesting that the screening of TB among freshmen should focus on students in high school.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Students, Tuberculin test, Population surveillance

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