我国四省大学生结核病防治核心知识、信念和行为现状的调查分析

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230368

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 了解我国在校大学生结核病防治核心知识、信念和行为基本情况,为制定科学有效的高校健康教育策略提供依据。方法: 2022年4—7月,采用分层整群抽样及自行设计的网络问卷对浙江、四川、湖北和甘肃4省80所高校中一、二年级在校大学生进行调查,共收集问卷18438份,获得有效问卷17491份,问卷有效率为94.86%。使用χ²检验分析知识知晓率差异。 结果: 大学生核心知识总知晓率为82.20% (115019/139928);单一知晓率中,“如果怀疑自己得了肺结核应到当地结核病定点医疗机构看病”最高 [97.14% (16991/17491)],“肺结核(肺痨)是慢性传染性疾病”最低 [53.68% (9390/17491)]。不同人口学特征的大学生中,总知晓率较高的组为女生 [83.80% (65333/77960), χ²=309.733, P<0.001]、医学专业 [84.79% (27701/32672), χ²=194.870, P<0.001]、本科高校 [83.25% (66017/79296), χ²=139.249, P<0.001]、患过结核病 [84.82% (760/896), χ²=4.239, P=0.040] 和接受过健康教育 [83.62% (97111/116128), χ²=948.032, P<0.001]。参与调查的大学生中,96.23% (16831/17491) 认为学校有必要开展结核病防控宣传教育,且92.37% (16156/17491) 愿意参加及94.66% (16557/17491) 会主动将学到的知识传授给他人;假设自己患病,10.99% (1923/17491) 反应为无所谓/情绪低落/绝望/无助;假设身边的人患病,11.49% (2009/17491) 选择与其疏远/拒绝来往。12.00% (2099/17491) 的大学生当前/既往吸烟,66.47% (11627/17491) 经常熬夜,55.33% (9677/17491) 睡眠不足,30.88% (5401/17491) 身边同学有随地吐痰现象,37.57% (6572/17491) 做不到咳嗽、打喷嚏时均能遮挡口鼻。 结论: 学校结核病防治核心知识在大学生中尚未完全普及。应针对男生、专科和非医学专业等大学生进一步开展健康教育,同时注重引导学生树立关爱结核病患者的信念和养成健康的生活方式。

关键词: 结核, 大学生, 健康知识,态度,实践

Abstract: Objective: To understand the core knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control among college students in China, and to provide evidence for scientific and effective health education strategies in colleges. Methods: From April to July 2022, stratified cluster sampling method and self-designed network questionnaire were used to investigate freshmen and sophomores from 80 colleges in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei, and Gansu Provinces. A total of 18438 questionnaires were collected, of which 17491 were valid, and the efficiency was 94.86%. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in total awareness rates. Results: The total awareness rate of core knowledge of TB among college students was 82.20% (115019/139928). In the single awareness rates, that of “If suspected of having TB, individuals need to contact a local TB medical institution for care” was highest (97.14% (16991/17491)) and that of “TB is a chronic infectious disease” was lowest (53.68% (9390/17491)). Higher total awareness rates were observed among female students (83.80% (65333/77960), χ²=309.733, P<0.001), medical students (84.79% (27701/32672), χ²=194.870, P<0.001), students who came from undergraduate colleges (83.25% (66017/79296), χ²=139.249, P<0.001), students who infected TB previously (84.82% (760/896), χ²=4.239, P=0.040), and students who ever received health education (83.62% (97111/116128), χ²=948.032, P<0.001). There were 96.23% (16831/17491) agreed that it was important for colleges to conduct TB health education, 92.37% (16156/17491) were willing to participate in these activities, and 94.66% (16557/17491) were willing to share the knowledge they learned with others among college students surveyed. Supposing they infected TB, 10.99% (1923/17491) responded with indifference/depression/despair/helplessness. If familiar people were suffering from TB, 11.49% (2009/17491) chose to alienate/refuse to communicate with them. There were 12.00% (2099/17491) college students were a current or ever smoker, 66.47% (11627/17491) used to stay up late, 55.33% (9677/17491) experienced insufficient sleep, 30.88% (5401/17491) observed classmates spitting and 37.57% (6572/17491) could not cover their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Conclusion: The core knowledge of TB prevention and control in schools has not been fully widespread among college students. TB health education should be further carried out for male, junior college and non-medical students, etc. Meanwhile, it is imperative to guide students to establish a belief of caring for TB patients and develop a healthy lifestyle.

Key words: Tuberculosis, College students, Health knowledge, attitudes, practices

中图分类号:

R521

董龙雨, 王嘉, 倪帅虎, 陈钢, 王倪, 罗小峰, 屈燕, 赵雁林. 我国四省大学生结核病防治核心知识、信念和行为现状的调查分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2024, 46(2): 206-212. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230368

Dong Longyu, Wang Jia, Ni Shuaihu, Chen Gang, Wang Ni, Luo Xiaofeng, Qu Yan, Zhao Yanlin. An analysis on the core knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in four provinces of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2024, 46(2): 206-212. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230368

图/表 2

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特征	调查人数 (名)	构成比 (%)	知晓核心知识条目总数(条)	总知晓率 (%)	χ²值	P值
年龄组(岁)					0.174	0.677
<20	5544	31.70	36429	82.13
≥20	11947	68.30	78590	82.23
性别					309.733	<0.001
男性	7746	44.29	49686	80.18
女性	9745	55.71	65333	83.80
年级					12.567	<0.001
一年级	9813	56.10	64781	82.52
二年级	7678	43.90	50238	81.79
民族					18.586	<0.001
汉族	15697	89.74	103409	82.35
其他^a	1794	10.26	11610	80.89
专业					194.870	<0.001
非医学	13407	76.65	87318	81.41
医学	4084	23.35	27701	84.79
户籍类型					10.893	<0.001
农业	12416	70.99	81432	81.98
城镇	5075	29.01	33587	82.73
患过结核病					4.239	0.040
否	17379	99.36	114259	82.18
是	112	0.64	760	84.82
接受过结核病健康教育					948.032	<0.001
否	2975	17.01	17908	75.24
是	14516	82.99	97111	83.62
高校层次					139.249	<0.001
专科	7579	43.33	49002	80.82
本科	9912	56.67	66017	83.25
办学性质					6.829	0.009
民办	2484	14.20	16204	81.54
公办	15007	85.80	98815	82.31

结核病相关信念和行为	人数(名)	百分率(%)
信念方面
认为大学生有必要掌握结核病防治知识	17152	98.06
认为学校有必要开展结核病防控宣传教育	16831	96.23
愿意参加学校举办的结核病防控宣传教育	16156	92.37
愿意每年主动做1次结核病健康筛查	15623	89.32
认为自己存在患结核病的可能	8212	46.95
身边的同学被诊断为结核病时,愿意配合学校进行结核病筛查	16683	95.38
亲人、同学或朋友出现咳嗽、咳痰两周以上时,愿意提醒他/她去结核病定点医院检查	16957	96.95
当学到结核病核心知识,会主动将学到的知识传授给家人、朋友或同学等	16557	94.66
愿意成为结核病防控宣传教育的公益志愿者	14600	83.47
你若患了结核病,第一反应是
积极治疗	15568	89.01
无所谓	1208	6.91
情绪低落	329	1.88
绝望/无助	386	2.21
假如身边的人患有结核病,对他/她的态度
鼓励他们坚持治疗	14812	84.68
和往常一样	670	3.83
尽量保持距离	1535	8.78
不与他/她来往	474	2.71
行为方面
身边同学有随地吐痰现象	5401	30.88
经常熬夜	11627	66.47
睡眠不足	9677	55.33
吸烟状况
现在吸烟	915	5.23
既往吸烟	1184	6.77
从不吸烟	15392	88.00
咳嗽、打喷嚏时用手肘/纸巾遮挡口鼻
每次都会	10919	62.43
经常会	4723	27.00
偶尔会	1569	8.97
从来不	280	1.60