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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 240-247.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.03.009

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

结核病与艾滋病低流行地区MTB/HIV双重感染患者发现模式的效果评价

饶立歆, 肖筱, 陈静, 沈鑫(), 姜庆五()   

  1. 200031上海,复旦大学公共卫生学院[饶立歆(研究生)、姜庆五];上海市疾病预防控制中心(饶立歆、肖筱、陈静、沈鑫)
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-26 出版日期:2021-03-10 发布日期:2021-03-03
  • 通信作者: 沈鑫,姜庆五 E-mail:shenxin@scdc.sh.cn;jiangqw@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81872679);“十三五”国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10715012);上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022)年优秀人才培养计划(GWV-10.2-XD23)

Study of screening methods of MTB/HIV co-infected patients in low TB and AIDS prevalence area

RAO Li-xin, XIAO Xiao, CHEN Jing, SHEN Xin(), JIANG Qing-wu()   

  1. School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
  • Received:2021-01-26 Online:2021-03-10 Published:2021-03-03
  • Contact: SHEN Xin,JIANG Qing-wu E-mail:shenxin@scdc.sh.cn;jiangqw@fudan.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 回顾性分析上海市近10年在结核病患者与HIV/AIDS人群中对HIV抗体和活动性结核病双向筛查的数据,评价MTB/HIV双重感染患者发现模式的效果,为进一步完善相关政策提供依据。 方法 通过《中国结核病信息管理系统》收集2012—2020年结核病患者(68155例)HIV抗体检测结果及结核病诊断、治疗相关资料;通过《结核菌/艾滋病病毒双重感染防治管理工作年度报表》收集2012—2020年HIV/AIDS人群接受结核病相关检查情况。采用线性回归模型评价筛查阳性率随年度的变化趋势,并计算年度变化百分比(APC)和需筛查人数(NNS),评价筛查效果;采用单因素方差分析和多因素logistic回归分析评价2012—2019年上海市长宁区、浦东新区10769例肺结核患者中HIV阳性的影响因素。 结果 2012—2020年上海市累积发现MTB/HIV双重感染患者308例,其中新确诊HIV感染者64例,占全部MTB/HIV双重感染患者的20.78%。2012—2020年间,结核病患者中HIV抗体检测阳性率由2.42%(32/1322)下降到0.50%(20/3995),总体呈下降趋势(APC=-16.64,t=-7.007,P<0.001);HIV/AIDS人群中活动性结核病确诊率由1.02%(50/4912)下降到0.21%(25/11878),同样呈下降趋势(APC=-14.27,t=-4.038,P=0.005)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性[OR(95%CI)=5.386(2.306~12.581)],年龄36~75岁[36~45、46~55、56~65、66~75岁OR(95%CI)值分别为26.243(3.230~213.244)、32.736(3.993~268.358)、20.309(2.482~166.144)、13.461(1.692~107.059)],在结核病治疗过程中死亡[OR(95%CI)=14.875(3.192~69.312)],并发肺外结核[OR(95%CI)=3.451(1.607~7.409)]是MTB/HIV双重感染的危险因素。 结论 上海市目前采取的 MTB/HIV双重感染患者发现模式取得了较好的效果,结核病患者的HIV阳性率和HIV/AIDS人群的活动性结核病确诊率均迅速下降。男性、年龄36~75岁、在治疗过程中死亡、并发肺外结核是MTB/HIV双重感染的危险因素。

关键词: 结核, HIV, 获得性免疫缺陷综合征, 重叠感染

Abstract:

Objective Retrospective analysis of data on two-way screening of HIV antibodies in TB patients and active TB in HIV/AIDS patients in Shanghai in the past 10 years, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of detection models and to provide a basis for further policies improvement. Methods Data about TB patients from 2012 to 2020 (68155 patients) were extracted from the database of National Tuberculosis Information Management System. Data concerning HIV/AIDS population from 2012 to 2020 were collected by the annual report of MTB/HIV screening program. Linear regression analysis was made to evaluate the annual trend of rate. Annual percentage change (APC) and number needed to screen (NNS) were calculated to estimate the effectiveness of the program. The univariate variance analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the HIV-positive factors in 10769 TB patients in Shanghai Changning District and Pudong New Area from 2012 to 2019. Results In 2012—2020, Shanghai reported 308 MTB/HIV coinfection patients. Among which, 64 were newly infected HIV, accounting for 20.78%. HIV positive rate among TB patients decreased from 2.42% (32/1322) in 2012 to 0.50% (20/3995) in 2020 (APC=-16.64, t=-7.007, P<0.001), and the rate of active TB in HIV/AIDS patients also showed a decreasing trend from 1.02% (50/4912) in 2012 to 0.21% (25/11878) in 2020 (APC=-14.27, t=-4.038, P=0.005). Multivariate logistic regression showed that males (OR (95%CI)=5.386 (2.306-12.581)), ages 36 to 75 (36-45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75 OR (95%CI) values were 26.243 (3.230-213.244), 32.736 (3.993-268.358), 20.309 (2.482-166.144), 13.461 (1.692-107.059)), death during tuberculosis treatment (OR (95%CI)=14.875 (3.192-69.312)), and comorbid with extra pulmonary tuberculosis (OR (95%CI)=3.451 (1.607-7.409)) were a risk factors for MTB/HIV infection. Conclusion The current MTB and HIV co-infection detection model adopted in Shanghai has achieved good results, and the HIV-positive rate of TB patients and the active TB diagnosis rate in HIV/AIDS patients have decreased rapidly. Males, aged 36 to 75, dead during treatment, and comorbid with extra pulmonary tuberculosis are the risk factors for MTB/HIV infection.

Key words: Tuberculosis, HIV, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Superinfection