结核分枝杆菌DNA介导模式识别受体激活天然免疫机制的研究进展

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220399

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是引起机体发生结核感染的重大病原体。天然免疫在宿主抵抗MTB入侵过程中发挥了重要作用,机体细胞内的多种模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRR)参与了针对MTB的识别。PRR作为天然免疫的“启动器”,在识别MTB后经过信号通路的转导激活天然免疫的产生。可被PRR识别的MTB组分种类繁多,包括:DNA、脂多糖、蛋白质等。本文重点关注可被PRR识别的MTB DNA,从其来源、可被识别的PRR种类,以及PRR以MTB DNA为病原相关分子模式介导相关分子信号通路激活天然免疫的机制3个方面综述了MTB DNA经由PRR激活天然免疫的过程,并着重探讨了Toll样受体9、环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶和黑色素瘤缺乏因子2样受体等PRR激活天然免疫机制的研究进展。最后,讨论了MTB DNA的应用前景,以期为开发MTB DNA相关疫苗和结核病的诊断拓展思路。

关键词: 分枝杆菌,结核, DNA, 受体,模式识别, 免疫

Abstract:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major pathogen which cause tuberculosis. Innate immunity plays an important role in the host’s resistance to MTB invasion, and multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in cells are involved in MTB. As the “initiator” of innate immunity, PRR activate innate immunity through signal transduction after recognizing MTB. There are many kinds of MTB components that can be recognized by PRR, including DNA, lipopolysaccharide, protein, etc. This paper focuses on the MTB DNA, from its source, the types of PRR which can recognize MTB DNA, and the mechanism by which PRR uses MTB DNA as a pathogenic-associated molecular pattern to mediate related molecular signaling pathways to activate innate immunity. The process of MTB DNA activating innate immunity via PRR was reviewed in three aspects, and the research progress of the innate immune mechanism activated by PRR such as Toll-like receptor 9, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and absent in melanoma 2-like receptors was emphatically discussed. At last, the application prospects of MTB DNA were discussed, to expand the development of MTB DNA-related vaccines and the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, DNA, Receptors, pattern recognition, Immunity

中图分类号:

王文敬, 孙宏, 孙照刚. 结核分枝杆菌DNA介导模式识别受体激活天然免疫机制的研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2023, 45(4): 426-433. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220399

Wang Wenjing, Sun Hong, Sun Zhaogang. Progress of innate immune mechanism activated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA-mediated pattern recognition receptors[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2023, 45(4): 426-433. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220399

图/表 2

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可能来源	可识别模式识别受体	参考文献
ESX分泌	cGAS、IFI204	[7,14]
细菌复制或裂解	TLR9、AIM2	[12,15]
囊泡携带	cGAS	[11]