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Research advances and breakthroughs in tuberculosis vaccine Li Junli, Guo Xiaonan, Liang Yan, He Pu, Li Xiaochi, Zhao Aihua, Du Weixin, Wu Xueqiong, Zhu Bingdong, Xu Miao Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1171-1184.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240296 Abstract （433）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （1885KB）（3600）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) is an enduring infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), presenting a significant threat to human health. Its primary mode of transmission is through respiratory pathways, with pulmonary tuberculosis being predominant. Currently, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only widely used prophylactic TB vaccination globally; playing a crucial role in protecting infants and young children from TB onset. Nevertheless, due to its limited long-term protection and incapacity to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), its impact on curtailing MTB spread within society at large is constrained. Researchers worldwide are actively exploring diverse technological avenues for novel TB vaccinations that extend beyond the conventional BCG framework. This review comprehensively examines recent progress in domestic and international research on novel approaches for combating TB through vaccination while outlining groundbreaking developments involving antigen screening methods, innovative vaccine platforms, and precision-focused immunization strategies—providing valuable insights for future efforts related to anti-tuberculosis vaccinations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 480-483.   Abstract （332）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（2227）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 522-527.   Abstract （183）      PDF（pc） （1064KB）（2093）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 546-558.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250058 Abstract （495）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （2323KB）（2009）       Knowledge map    Save Urological tuberculosis has an insidious onset and lacks specificity in clinical manifestations, which often leads to delayed diagnosis, resulting in decline in renal function or even end-stage renal failure. Treatment of urological tuberculosis includes systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with local therapy, surgical intervention, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, etc. The selection of appropriate treatment methods is essential to maximize the preservation of renal function and improve the prognosis of the patients. At present, there is a lack of relevant and reasonable guiding documents for the diagnosis and treatment program of urological tuberculosis in China. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis and improve the level of clinicians so that the patients can be cured early and damage to renal function can be reduced, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and Basic and Clinical Specialty Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized experts to formulate the “Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis”, based on the experience and methods of diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis in China, as well as the relevant research achievements in diagnosis and treatment abroad. This consensus integrates China’s diagnostic and therapeutic experience and methods with international research achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis. This consensus outlines the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological process, main clinical manifestations, and common examination methods of urological tuberculosis, puts forward the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis, and gives specific treatment suggestions on the program and indications for systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, local treatment, and surgical intervention of this disease. It aims to provide clinicians with a scientific and practical reference for accurate diagnosis and rational treatment of the patients with urological tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on molecular biology diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (8): 961-975.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250225 Abstract （617）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （1412KB）（1693）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease has been on the rise. Traditional methods such as acid-fast bacilli staining and mycobacterial culture suffer from limitations including low sensitivity, being time-consuming, and inability to identify specific species. In contrast, molecular biology detection technologies have demonstrated unique advantages and great application prospects in the diagnosis of NTM diseases and precise species identification. However, there is lack of systematic and comprehensive guideline for the molecular diagnosis of NTM disease in China. In order to standardize the clinical application of molecular diagnostic techniques for NTM diseases and enhance the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of medical professionals, the Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association organized a writing group composed of domestic experts in the fields of NTM diseases, infectious diseases, microbiology, and methodology. Through systematic literature reviews, multiple rounds of online and offline discussions, and questionnaire surveys, the group evaluated the respective merits, limitations, and implementation status of current molecular detection technologies, discussed key issues in molecular diagnosis of NTM diseases, and ultimately formulated this consensus after iterative revisions through multiple consensus conferences. Focusing on core issues such as molecular targets for NTM disease diagnosis, molecular biological diagnostic techniques, and standardized interpretation protocols, the consensus formulated 11 evidence-based recommendations. It systematically establishes a technical framework and clinical application pathway for molecular biological diagnosis of NTM diseases, addressing core challenges like technical fragmentation and inconsistent interpretation standards. It provides actionable guidance for clinicians, clinical laboratories, and public health departments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S1): 50-55.   Abstract （882）      PDF（pc） （1015KB）（1533）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Standardization Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Elderly Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (7): 813-829.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250231 Abstract （665）   HTML （83）    PDF（pc） （1442KB）（1498）       Knowledge map    Save Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection test is an essential method for identifying latent tuberculosis infection and clinically diagnosing tuberculosis. To better guide clinical practice, this consensus was jointly organized by the Tuberculosis Control Branch, Standardization Professional Branch and Elderly Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association. Based on domestic and international research progress and clinical practice experiences, and taking into account the specific situations in different scenarios, recommendations on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies are proposed. The consensus provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics and applications of various Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection tests and offers specific suggestions for the selection and application of detection technologies in different application scenarios, such as high-risk populations, key venue populations, and clinical tuberculosis diagnosis. In addition, the application of infection test results in tuberculosis treatment efficacy evaluation is discussed. This consensus aims to provide references for professionals related to tuberculosis prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment in medical and health institutions at all levels and types, in order to help achieve the goal of “ending the TB epidemic”. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the treatment of tuberculosis with contezolid Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Inspire-CODA Research Group Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (2): 123-129.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240480 Abstract （1017）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （1297KB）（1456）       Knowledge map    Save Contezolid, a novel generation of oxazolidinone antibiotics independently developed in China, has been approved for the treatment of complex skin and soft tissue infections. With its expanding exploratory applications in the clinical management of tuberculosis and the ongoing growth of related clinical research, there is an increasing demand among clinicians for comprehensive guidelines and standardized protocols for its use. To address this need, the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis and the Chinese Antituberculosis Association convened experts nationwide for in-depth discussions, culminating in the development of the Expert consensus on the treatment of tuberculosis with contezolid. This consensus aims to standardize and guide healthcare professionals in the use of contezolid for tuberculosis treatment, addressing uncertainties arising from the lack of specified indications, dosages, or treatment durations in current drug labels and existing antituberculosis guidelines. It is hoped that this consensus will serve as a valuable reference for practitioners in China and contribute to the rational and effective application of contezolid in clinical practice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of national reported pulmonary tuberculosis incidence, 1997—2023 Song Yuanyuan, Li Tao, Xia Hui, Zhang Lijie, Zhang Hui, Zhao Yanlin, Wang Lixia Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1198-1208.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240382 Abstract （1051）   HTML （126）    PDF（pc） （4332KB）（1309）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To systematically description and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China from 1997 to 2023, and to provide scientific evidences for development and improvement of TB prevention and control strategies in China. Methods: The incidence data of pulmonary TB from 1997 to 2023 were collected from the National Epidemic Data Collection, Disease Surveillance and Statistics Report, and Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System. The temporal and spatial trends of reported incidence of pulmonary TB in the whole country and various regions, the distribution characteristics of different gender, age and occupation group,and the positive rate of etiology in TB patients were analyzed. Results: From 1997 to 2023, a total of 21.9066 million pulmonary TB cases were reported in China, increasing from 418234 in 1997 to 1259308 in 2005, and then decreasing to 613091 in 2023. From 2005 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB showed an decreasing trend (AAPC=-4.78%, 95%CI: -5.44% to -4.13%, P<0.001), and the decline was slower in the western region (AAPC=-4.42%, 95%CI: -5.77% to -2.89%, P<0.001). From 1997 to 2023, the male-to-female ratio of reported TB cases in China was 2.22∶1, the proportion of children younger than 15 years showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-5.74%, 95%CI: -6.01% to -5.50%, P<0.001), and the proportion of elderly aged ≥65 years showed an increasing trend (AAPC=3.80%, 95%CI: 3.61% to 3.99%, P<0.001). The top five occupations reporting the number of cases were farmers, animal keepers and fishermen (61.50%,13421197/21822416), homemakers and unemployed persons (9.32%,2033078/21822416), workers (5.89%,1285335/21822416), students (5.44%,1186104/21822416) and retired persons (4.69%,1022406/21822416). The etiological positive rate of reported TB patients in 2023 was 67.08%(392569/585187). Conclusion: Since 1997, the reported incidence of pulmonary TB in China increased first and then decreased, reflecting the effect of effective TB prevention and control measures in different periods. In the future, different strategies should be implemented according to the epidemic characteristics of TB in different regions and populations, and the application of new technologies and measures should be promoted to accelerate the end of the TB epidemic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease/Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1105-1125.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250276 Abstract （499）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （5072KB）（1264）       Knowledge map    Save Comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer refers to the condition where the same patient is affected by both pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer either simultaneously or sequentially. The occurrence of such comorbidity increases the difficulty in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, easily resulting in missed diagnoses, misdiagnoses, and delayed treatment. There exist complex interactions between lung cancer chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and anti-tuberculosis drugs, which not only impair the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor treatments but also significantly elevate adverse drug reactions. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop standardized diagnosis and treatment consensus through multidisciplinary collaboration to guide clinical practice. The Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association and the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases/Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, in collaboration with Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute and other institutions, have jointly developed the Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. This consensus elaborates on the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis-lung cancer comorbidity. It also addresses the screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection. Special emphasis is placed on key clinical challenges, such as drug-drug interactions, optimization of treatment regimens, and the appropriate timing of surgery and radiotherapy. The consensus provides 22 specific recommendations to support standardized and evidence-based clinical decision-making. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 22-24.   Abstract （219）      PDF（pc） （1016KB）（1260）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of artificial intelligence in pulmonary tuberculosis imaging diagnosis and drug resistance prediction Li Wenhan, Yang Jing, Li Chunhua Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (9): 1098-1103.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240123 Abstract （775）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （831KB）（1256）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease worldwide. Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and identification of drug resistant tuberculosis are of great significance, but non-invasive and precise diagnosis and treatment are still limited. With the development of medical mega data, artificial intelligence (AI) has been gradually applied to PTB research. AI mining high flux characteristics from image, to provide the possibility of non-invasive and reproducible evaluation of lesions. In this paper, the research progress of AI technology in PTB image diagnosis and differential diagnosis, disease monitoring and drug resistance prediction in recent years is reviewed, with a view to promoting the clinical translation of AI diagnosis and drug resistance prediction technology for PTB, and providing support for the realization of precision medicine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the standardization of broth microdilution method for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China Tuberculosis Basic Professional Branch, Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 535-545.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250070 Abstract （377）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1595KB）（956）       Knowledge map    Save Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a serious challenge in the field of global public health. At present, it is difficult to provide accurate and effective treatment plans for patients based solely on binary phenotypic drug sensitivity and genotypic drug sensitivity tests. The microbroth dilution drug sensitivity test based on the microplate not only covers a variety of drugs and multiple concentrations at one time, but also provides quantitative drug resistance information for the clinic, so it is receiving more and more attention. In order to use the microbroth dilution drug sensitivity test in a reasonable, scientific, and standardized manner, the Tuberculosis Basic Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association had organized experts in relevant fields to formulate this consensus on technical characteristics, application value, standardized operation, result interpretation, and precautions in actual operation of this drug sensitivity method, and proposed 12 recommendations, aiming to provide unified guiding principles for clinical and laboratory staff who are related to tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis , Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange , Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (3): 243-257.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250025 Abstract （466）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （1985KB）（950）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculous peritonitis lacks specific clinical manifestations, making differential diagnosis difficult, and often leading to delayed confirmation of diagnosis, which increases the difficulty of treatment. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, multiple specialties and departments are usually involved, requiring the involvement of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the prognosis of patients with tuberculous peritonitis. However, there is still a lack of relevant guiding consensus or guidelines for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis in China. Therefore, in order to provide reasonable and standardized systematic diagnosis and treatment for patients with tuberculous peritonitis, improve patient prognosis, and reduce mortality, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis, based on China’s current diagnostic and therapeutic experience and research achievements in tuberculous peritonitis. This consensus summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, and main clinical manifestations of tuberculous peritonitis, introduces common examination methods for tuberculous peritonitis, proposes the diagnostic criteria and treatments suggestions of tuberculous peritonitis, and especially gives recommendations on the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparation, surgical method and timing selection, and postoperative patient management, etc. It aims to provide clinical physicians with scientific and practical reference. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of the third edition of WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 3: diagnosis: rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection Wang Xiaomin, Chen Jinyun, Zeng Yuqin, Ma Quan, Kong Xingxing, Meng Jianzhou, Lu Shuihua Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (9): 1006-1022.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240221 Abstract （1136）   HTML （68）    PDF（pc） （1319KB）（930）       Knowledge map    Save On 20 March 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 3: diagnosis: rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection. The third edition of the guidelines focuses on three areas: initial diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis with drug-resistance detection, initial diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis without drug-resistant detection, and follow-on diagnostic tests for detection of additional drug-resistance after tuberculosis confirmation. In addition, this current guidelines include for the first time a chapter on targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS) tests for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in people with diagnosed tuberculosis with or without rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The author now introduces the compilation and key points of the third edition of the guidelines in order to promote the implementation and dissemination of these guidelines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of Evidence and research gaps identified during development of policy guidelines for tuberculosis (Second edition): tuberculosis related comorbidity Liu Guizhen, Deng Guofang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (6): 618-624.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240076 Abstract （617）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1030KB）（907）       Knowledge map    Save Addressing comorbidities and associated risk factors in patients with tuberculosis is crucial for eradicating the disease. In 2023, the World Health Organization released the second edition of Evidence and research gaps identified during development of policy guidelines for tuberculosis, which highlights the principal research gaps in tuberculosis-related comorbidities, notably in Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV co-infection, nutritional support and care, and among populations of injecting drug users. In this article, the author interprets these identified research gaps and summarizes China’s current research advancements in these areas, providing insights for professionals engaged in related fields. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis Chen Liyao, Peng Xiao, Liu Yuanyuan, Shi Jin, Guo Yongli, Lu Jie Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1227-1232.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250143 Abstract （292）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （951KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Save Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, closely associated with macrophage death and host-pathogen interactions, playing a significant role in tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This review systematically described the definition and core characteristics of ferroptosis and conducted an in-depth analysis of its molecular regulatory mechanisms, and the key signaling pathways. Furthermore, it outlined the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis associated with MTB-host interactions, systematically summarized ferroptosis-related biomarkers for TB diagnosis and treatment, and explored the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in TB therapeutic. This study offers new perspectives for understanding TB pathogenesis and provides an important theoretical foundation and innovative insights for developing precision-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the status, problems and countermeasures of tuberculosis control service system in China Liu Qiao, Li Zhongqi, Zhu Limei, Lu Wei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 559-568.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240544 Abstract （1112）   HTML （59）    PDF（pc） （1360KB）（856）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis control service system is the main body of implementing tuberculosis control program. Since the 21st century, China has been trying to establish a “Trinity” tuberculosis prevention and control mode in which designated tuberculosis hospitals are mainly responsible for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for planning, managing and evaluating the prevention and control work, and primary medical and health institutions for following-up and managing tuberculosis patients during their treatment process. Currently, the construction of the “Trinity” tuberculosis prevention and control service system in China has achieved good results. However, there are still some problems remained, such as insufficient government leadership, insufficient system capacity building, lack of funding, and poor interdepartmental coordination. This study aims to analyse current operation situation of the tuberculosis prevention and control service system in China, identify problems and put forward suggestions, so as to further optimize the tuberculosis prevention and control service system and improve the quality of tuberculosis prevention and control work in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 216-218.   Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （1019KB）（832）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on all-oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medlical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (7): 830-839.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250087 Abstract （693）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （1182KB）（805）       Knowledge map    Save The World Health Organization (WHO) Treatment Guidelines for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2016 Update) recommend an entirely oral treatment regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Previous studies have shown that compared to injection-containing or longer-course treatment regimens, short-course oral treatment regimens can achieve better medication safety, tolerability, and treatment adherence, while maintaining treatment success rates. In the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2022 Update), a 6-month short-course treatment regimen for DR-TB (6BPaLM; where B: bedaquiline, Pa: pretomanid, L: linezolid, M: moxifloxacin) was proposed, marking the dawn of an era of entirely oral short-course treatment for DR-TB. In June 2024, the WHO issued a rapid communication on new treatment regimens for DR-TB, which are more aligned with the actual situation in China compared to previously recommended short-course oral regimens. To develop a fully oral DR-TB treatment regimen tailored to China’s context, the Chinese Antituberculosis Association took the lead in collaborating with Beijing Chest Hospital/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute affiliated to Capital Medical University and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis to organize experts in the field to draft the Expert consensus on all-oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Based on recent domestic and international research progress on entirely oral regimens for DR-TB, this consensus recommends a short-course, entirely oral treatment regimen suitable for China’s national conditions and identifies the appropriate patient populations. It also provides consensus opinions on precautions for using entirely oral treatment regimens and the management of adverse reactions. It is hoped that the publication of this consensus will provide technical guidance for the comprehensive application of short-course treatment regimens for DR-TB in China, thereby further improving the treatment success rates for DR-TB patients in the country. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, and advances in grading criteria for tubercular uveitis Lai Xiaoyu, Duan Hongfei, Chen Xunxun, Guo Huixin, Liao Qinghua, Chen Qian, Liang Dan Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1204-1211.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250196 Abstract （770）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （1030KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Save Tubercular uveitis (TBU) is a prevalent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounts for 0.2% to 32% of uveitis globally and approximately 0.7%-4% in China. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment of TBU can lead to favorable outcomes. However, due to the lack of reliable diagnostic methods, high clinical heterogeneity, and significant diagnostic delays (averaging 11 months), the actual incidence of TBU is likely underestimated. Hence, this article provides a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, classification, diagnostic criteria, and recent advances in immunological, molecular biological, and pathological diagnostic methods for TBU. By integrating evidence from recent studies, this article aims to assist tuberculosis specialists, pulmonologists, and ophthalmologists in promoting the early and standardized diagnosis of TBU. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evidence-based guidelines for application of digital adherence technology in tuberculosis medication management in China Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, The Youth Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 385-397.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250042 Abstract （371）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （2109KB）（747）       Knowledge map    Save Timely identification of active tuberculosis (TB) patients and individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), followed by targeted treatment, constitutes a critical strategy for TB epidemic control. Digital adherence technology (DAT) utilizes digital tools to assist healthcare providers in monitoring and promoting medication compliance among TB patients and those undergoing preventive treatment, thereby enhancing therapeutic adherence. This guideline systematically summarized the characteristics and practical evidence of DAT currently implemented in China’s TB prevention and control efforts, including video-observed therapy, electronic medication monitors, mobile applications, and SMS reminders. It further proposes recommendations for the application of DAT in supporting anti-TB treatment and TB preventive therapy, aiming to offer evidence-based guidance for the optimization and refinement of TB medication management strategies using DAT across various regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anniversary Commemorative Section The imprint of tuberculosis prevention and control history in Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Wang Lixia, Jiang Shiwen, Liu Yuhong, Zhu Xiaoli Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1123-1140.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240380 Abstract （373）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （1586KB）（743）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro inhibitory and intracellular bactericidal activity of omadacycline against Mycobacterium abscessus Ma Shiran, Chen Suting, Huang Hairong, Duan Hongfei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (12): 1442-1447.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240274 Abstract （394）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （789KB）（738）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities of omadacycline against Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) and provide insights into optimizing drug combinations for the treatment of MAB infections. Methods: A total of 58 clinical isolates of MAB, obtained from patients at the Beijing Chest Hospital between 2015 and 2016, as well as a reference strain (ATCC 19977), were included in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of omadacycline against the reference strain were measured using microdilution, alongside determining the MIC90 for the clinical isolates. The checkerboard assay was employed to evaluate the effects of drug combinations on the reference strain, while intracellular bactericidal activity was assessed to measure the drugs’ efficacy against intracellular bacteria. Results: Omadacycline demonstrated MIC of 0.5 μg/ml and MBC of 4 μg/ml against the reference strain, with MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml for the clinical isolates. Synergistic effects were observed when omadacycline was combined with clarithromycin, linezolid, and bedaquiline, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) of 0.250, 0.375, and 0.375, respectively. Additive effects were noted when combined with clofazimine, azithromycin, and rifabutin, with FICIs of 0.750, 0.625 and 0.560. The combination of omadacycline and bedaquiline produced the most substantial reduction in MBC, decreasing from 4 μg/ml to 0.05 μg/ml, representing a 98.75% reduction compared to omadacycline monotherapy. For intracellular bacteria, the combination of omadacycline and azithromycin demonstrated the most pronounced bactericidal effect at 24 hours, reducing the bacterial count from (7.02±0.06) log10 CFU to (5.36±0.10) log10 CFU (t=3.241, P<0.001). At 48 hours, the combination of omadacycline and clofazimine reduced the intracellular bacterial load from (7.36±0.10) log10 CFU to (5.33±0.35) log10 CFU (t=8.265, P=0.004). Similarly, the combination of omadacycline and imipenem resulted in a reduction of intracellular bacteria from (6.87±0.15) log10 CFU to (5.10±0.17) log10 CFU (t=13.190, P<0.001). The combination of omadacycline and linezolid reduced the intracellular bacterial count from (6.95±0.05) log10 CFU to (5.26±0.24) log10 CFU (t=11.920, P=0.005). Similarly, the combination of omadacycline and rifabutin lowered the intracellular bacterial load from (6.98±0.07) log10 CFU to (5.65±0.16) log10 CFU (t=13.440, P=0.001). Conclusion: Omadacycline combined with other drugs demonstrates significant inhibitory and bactericidal activity against MAB. These findings suggest that omadacycline holds promise as a therapeutic option for treating MAB infections. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 32-34.   Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （1069KB）（717）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of post-tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis Qin Lili, Yang Chengqing, Mai Hongzhen, Xu Qifeng, Xue Xinying, Lu Xiwei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 498-504.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240527 Abstract （275）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （785KB）（708）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from infectious diseases globally. Increasing recognition has been given to the long-term consequences of post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), which profoundly affect patients’ physical health, psychological well-being, and socioeconomic stability. Among these sequelae, post-tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (PTLD-CPA) is a persistent Aspergillus infection that arises during or after TB treatment. The substantial overlap in clinical manifestations and radiological features between CPA and TB frequently leads to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment, further exacerbating disease progression and associated morbidity. This underscores the critical need for early screening and timely intervention for Aspergillus infection. This review consolidates current evidence on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and screening protocols for PTLD-CPA. By delineating key priorities for prevention and disease management, we propose a comprehensive, life-cycle-based health management framework for TB, integrating early detection, targeted therapeutic interventions, and long-term surveillance to mitigate the enduring burden of PTLD-CPA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 198-200.   Abstract （156）      PDF（pc） （1022KB）（706）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses on the role and mechanism of calcium-binding protein S100A12 and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in lung injury of severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients Song Yunlin, Buzukela Abuduaini, Wang Guirong, Zhang Jiyuan, Lu Xiaobo Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 513-519.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240445 Abstract （255）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （788KB）（696）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence and mortality rates of severe pulmonary tuberculosis remain persistently high. However, the disease face significant diagnostic challenges due to the lack of specificity in clinical signs and symptoms during the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, the therapeutic of severe tuberculosis has become being complicated due to multiple factors, such as drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, and adverse drug reactions, all of which together pose new challenges for tuberculosis prevention and control. The pathogenesis of severe tuberculosis involves a complex interaction between the host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet the mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent studies indicate that calcium-binding protein S100A12 (hereafter “S100A12”) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are essential in developing severe tuberculosis. S100A12 drives the formation of NETs, and serve as a key protein mediating the physiopathological effects of NETs. S100A12 contributes to the mechanism of lung function injury in severe tuberculosis patients through regulation the release of immune cells, inflammatory cytokine release, and their interaction. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of S100A12 and NETs in severe tuberculosis pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Given this, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress on S100A12 and NETs in severe tuberculosis and their potential molecular mechanisms to provide a new scientific basis and innovative insights for exploring therapeutic strategies for severe tuberculosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening strategy in zero tuberculosis community project Cheng Jun, Zhao Yanlin Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (6): 605-612.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230435 Abstract （592）   HTML （55）    PDF（pc） （1193KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save Active case finding and tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment are core elements of zero tuberculosis community project, and a feasible screening strategy based on local TB epidemic and practice will be benefit to find out TB patients/subclinical TB patients and high risk populations. Based on reviewing both the World Health Organization guidelines on active case finding and management of latent TB infection and evidence-based guidelines for screening suggested by domestic scholars, authors suggest that high risk populations in community, peoples living or working in key places, and patients visiting hospitals should be screened for TB in zero tuberculosis community project sites. The specific screening strategy for every kind of target population and the following categorical intervention have been provided by the authors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the host-directed therapy of tuberculosis Yan Hongxuan, Yuan Jinfeng, Wang Yilin, Pang Yu, Gao Mengqiu Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1273-1282.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240207 Abstract （367）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （1794KB）（693）       Knowledge map    Save Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a new adjuvant therapy for tuberculosis, which aims at host cells rather than pathogens via modulating host immune response to combat infections. When combined use of HDT with anti-tuberculosis drugs, it provides benefits to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, shorten the treatment duration, decrease immunopathological damage, and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. This paper reviews the common mechanisms of HDT, and summarizes several HDT drug candidates that are currently being studied, in order to provide new insight for developing new and effective anti-tuberculosis therapies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between pulmonary tuberculosis and the gut microbiota: treatment strategies Li Min, Yao Yushan, Qiao Haixia, Lei Hong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 520-526.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240547 Abstract （272）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （779KB）（688）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prevalent respiratory infectious disease worldwide. In recent years, accumulating evidence has highlighted a strong association between the gut microbiota and TB pathogenesis. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in modulating TB immunity through the gut-lung axis, while TB infection itself can induce significant dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial ecosystem. This review explores the bidirectional interplay between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and the gut microbiota, elucidates the immunological mechanisms underlying their interaction, and discusses the therapeutic potential of microbiome-based interventions for TB. These insights may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies for TB management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 337-340.   Abstract （796）      PDF（pc） （1074KB）（687）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dedicating to innovation, practicing to achieve targets: interpretation of research & innovation part of the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2023 Shu Wei, Liu Yuhong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (6): 613-617.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240159 Abstract （601）   HTML （57）    PDF（pc） （1009KB）（681）       Knowledge map    Save “Intensified research and innovation” is the third pillar of the End TB Strategy, new research and technology are important tools to accelerate the process of eliminating tuberculosis (TB). On November 7, 2023, World Health Organization released the Global Tuberculosis Report 2023, updating the global prevalence of TB and the progress in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the key achievements in the areas of TB research and innovation for new diagnostics, drugs and regimens as well as vaccines introduced in the report, and discusses some of China’s indigenous progresses in related areas. This paper aims to make China’s TB professionals better informed about the latest research development in TB prevention and control around the globe, fostering indigenous TB innovation efforts with greater originality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on interstitial lung disease combined with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Fu Keyan, Zhu Bangzheng, Ye Jian Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (7): 823-829.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240171 Abstract （441）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （782KB）（681）       Knowledge map    Save Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are two prevalent respiratory diseases that can significantly impact health. TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease imposing a severe disease burden globally. In contrast, ILD is a group of non-communicable lung diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and alveolar interstitial fibrosis, profoundly affecting patients’ quality of life and prognosis. The interstitial and fibrotic changes in the lungs can mask signs of infection, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can further worsen the condition of ILD. Therefore, when TB and ILD coexist, their interaction complicates timely diagnosis and treatment, adversely affecting the disease prognosis and outcome. This review summarizes the research progress in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, high-risk factors, and treatment of ILD combined with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, aiming to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of global research status and hotspots in the basic research of Traditional Chinese Medicine for tuberculosis Shang Xiyu, Zhang Huifang, Cao Yuqing, Xiong Yibai, Ji Xinyu, Tian Yaxin, Li Jiajia, Wang Ni, Ma Yan Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 482-497.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240567 Abstract （395）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （14135KB）（673）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To explore the global research status and trends in basic research on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of Chinese and English publications related to basic TCM research against TB using Chinese national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang database, PubMed and Web of Science database with a cutoff date of June 30, 2024. Bibliometric analysis was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to visualize publication metrics, author and institution networks, keywords clusters and the frequency of TCM interventions in both Chinese and English literature. Results: A total of 140 articles were included, contributed by 546 authors from 190 institutions, including 102 Chinese articles (72.86%) and 38 English articles (27.14%). The first publication appeared in 1961, with a noticeable increase in research output observed since 1993. In terms of journal distribution, the journal with the most Chinese publications was Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis (6.86%, 7/102), and the journal with the most English publications was Journal of Ethnopharmacology (10.53%, 4/38). Regarding author collaboration networks, the Chinese literature formed two research terms centered around “Wang Lixin and Wang Yi”, “Pan Jianhua, Shi Guomin, Xiang Yangen, Yu Rong”, respectively, while the English literature formed research teams centered around “Jiang Xin, Sun Jinxia, Zheng Yuejuan”. The institution collaboration network centered around “Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine” and “Changzhi Medical College.” Keyword clustering analysis in both Chinese and English literature revealed 16 distinct clusters, with research hotspots primarily concentrating on antibacterial effects and immunomodulation. Additionally, Prunella vulgaris, Radix Ranunculi Ternati, Radix stemonae, Rhubarb, Garlic were the most concerned single herb; baicalin, Radix Ranuncoli Ternati extracts, Allicin and Curcumin were the most TCM ingredients or extracts; while the combination of Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f. and Stemona japonica (Blume) Miq. (Bai Ji-Bai Bu) as the most strongly correlated herbal pair in TCM formulations. Conclusion: Basic research on TCM against TB has gained significant traction globally in recent years. The antibacterial effects and immune regulation mechanisms of TCM may become the future focus of development. Future investigations should enhance cross-sector and interdisciplinary collaborations to further elucidate the mechanisms underpinnings and optimize therapeutic patterns of TCM in TB prevention and treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in bronchoscopic diagnosis and treatment of lymph node fistula tracheobronchial tuberculosis Luo Li, Luo Linzi, Yin Quhua, Zhou Lei, Lu Zhibin, Ding Yan, Xiao Yangbao Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 505-512.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240438 Abstract （282）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3061KB）（665）       Knowledge map    Save Lymph node fistula tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) lacks clinical specific manifestations and can only be diagnosed through bronchoscopy, which is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. In recent years, with the popularization and development of bronchoscopy and bronchial intervention techniques, the detection and cure rates of lymph node fistula TBTB have significantly increased. On the basis of systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, other treatment techniques, such as local drug infusion under bronchoscopy, freezing, thermal ablation, and balloon dilation etc., are becoming increasingly diverse. Choosing an appropriate comprehensive intervention therapy based on different bronchoscopic manifestations of lymph node fistula TBTB has become an effective auxiliary means for clinical treatment of TBTB. This article is a review about the bronchoscopic interventional treatment strategies for lymph node fistula TBTB by reviewing the characteristics of bronchoscopic manifestations and the efficacy of interventional treatment methods for lymph node fistula TBTB, as well as the research progress of new bronchoscopic therapies in recent years. It is hopefully to provide some help on choosing a fast and effective endoscopic treatment with personalized care for patients with lymph node fistula TBTB. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristic analysis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease patients in Wuhan area from 2021 to 2023 Wang Fei, Hua Duo, Guo Jianjian, Liu Chang, Han Lu, Ren Yi Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (9): 1069-1076.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240179 Abstract （406）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （900KB）（663）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: This study aims to offer critical insights into the prevention and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) by analyzing the isolation rates and drug resistance patterns of respiratory non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the Wuhan area, as well as the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with NTM-PD. Methods: This retrospective study encompassed 8619 hospitalized patients with suspected mycobacterial pulmonary infections at Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from March 2021 to October 2023. All participants were aged 15 years or older, and their respiratory samples (including sputum, induced sputum, and bronchiolar lavage fluid) tested positive for mycobacterial etiology (via mycobacterium culture) and were identified as NTM. Comprehensive data on medical history, clinical features, radiological findings, clinical diagnosis, and treatment were collected for all subjects. The isolation rates, demographic characteristics, and drug resistance profiles of NTM strains were analyzed. Patients diagnosed with NTM-PD were categorized into three groups based on the infecting species: M.intracellular (M.intracellular group), M.abscessus (M.abscessus group), and M.kansasii (M.kansasii group). The baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, radiological features, underlying diseases, and concomitant pulmonary conditions of each group were compared. Results: Among the 8619 subjects, 629 clinical isolates were identified as NTM strains, resulting in an NTM isolation rate of 7.30%. A total of 653 NTM strains were isolated, comprising 398 (60.95%) strains of M.intracellular, 138 (21.13%) strains of M.abscessus, 41 (6.28%) strains of M.avium, and 41 (6.28%) strains of M.kansasii. Among the 510 patients diagnosed with NTM-PD, 297 (58.24%) were female. The primary clinical symptoms included cough (71.96%, 367/510), expectoration (51.76%, 264/510), and hemoptysis (26.67%, 136/510). Key radiological features were patchy infiltrates (61.57%, 314/510), nodules (65.49%, 334/510), bronchiectasis (79.02%, 403/510), and cavities (40.98%, 209/510). The most common underlying conditions were anemia (24.12%, 123/510) and hypoproteinemia (24.90%, 127/510). Pulmonary diseases were predominantly associated with emphysema bullosa (18.63%, 95/510) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.84%, 91/510). The study categorized NTM-PD patients into three groups: 332 cases in the M.intracellular group, 115 cases in the M.abscessus group, and 35 cases in the M.kansasii group. The proportion of females was 55.12% (183/332) in the M.intracellular group, 75.65% (87/115) in the M.abscessus group, and 17.14% (6/35) in the M.kansasii group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=39.534, P<0.001). The mean ages were (63.60±10.67) years for the M.intracellular group, (60.60±10.26) years for the M.abscessus group, and (53.30±13.20) years for the M.kansasii group, also showing a statistically significant difference (F=15.724, P<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the proportions of smokers (23.19% (77/332), 12.17% (14/115), 42.86% (15/35); χ2=15.623, P<0.001) and alcohol users (10.54% (35/332), 4.35% (5/115), 22.86% (8/35); χ2=10.079, P=0.006) across the groups. Additionally, the incidence of bronchiectasis (78.31% (260/332), 90.43% (104/115), 54.29% (19/35); χ2=22.345, P<0.001) and cavity formation (42.77% (142/332), 29.57% (34/115), 68.57% (24/35); χ2=17.534, P<0.001) varied significantly among the M.intracellular, M.abscessus, and M.kansasii groups. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)(18.67% (62/332), 15.65% (18/115), 37.14% (13/35); χ2=8.222, P=0.016) and pulmonary aspergillosis (6.93% (23/332), 1.74% (2/115), 11.43% (4/35); χ2=7.016, P=0.030) among the M.intracellular, M.abscessus, and M.kansasii groups. The resistance rates of M.avium and M.intracellular to clarithromycin, amikacin, and linezolid were 0, 0, and 23.53% (4/17) for M.avium, and 3.14% (5/159), 6.92% (11/159), and 13.21% (21/159) for M.intracellular, respectively. The resistance rate of M.kansasii to clarithromycin, amikacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampin, and rifabutin was 0, while the resistance rate to ciprofloxacin was 43.75% (7/16). The resistance rates of M.abscessus to clarithromycin, amikacin, linezolid, and cefoxitin were 7.02% (4/57), 1.75% (1/57), 43.86% (25/57), and 8.77% (5/57), respectively. Conclusion: The predominant NTM strains isolated from the respiratory tracts of hospitalized patients with suspected mycobacterial pulmonary infection in the Wuhan area were M.intracellular, M.abscessus, and M.kansasii. Except for M.kansasii, other NTM strains exhibited higher resistance to common antituberculosis drugs. There were notable differences in sex distribution, radiological features, and associated pulmonary diseases among patients with M.intracellular pulmonary disease, M.abscessus pulmonary disease, and M.kansasii pulmonary disease. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 4-6.   Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （1267KB）（661）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the application of artificial intelligence assisted image reading technology in the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in chest imaging examination Imaging Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , Society of Tuberculosis, Chinese Medical Association , Standardization Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , Tuberculosis Control Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1093-1104.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250234 Abstract （364）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （1498KB）（656）       Knowledge map    Save Thoracic imaging is an important tool for the screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis. With the development of computer-aided detection (CAD) technology, new opportunities have emerged for the active finding of tuberculosis using thoracic imaging. This consensus was jointly developed by Imaging Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association;Society of Tuberculosis, Chinese Medical Association; Standardization Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association and Tuberculosis Control Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association. It was supported by the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Publishing House and has been registered on the international practice guideline platform. The development of this consensus followed methodological principles, involving collaboration among experts from multiple fields and combining the World Health Organization’s relevant technical guidelines with the experiences of practical in China. The consensus explains the working principles of CAD, introduces the performance of 15 domestic and international CAD software programs for tuberculosis based on chest X-ray films (CXR), provides recommendations for the application of CXR-CAD in tuberculosis screening among patients visiting medical institutions as well as population with high risk of tuberculosis in communities, describes the research progress of CT based CAD in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and highlights the current limitations of CAD in the active finding of tuberculosis patients and future research priorities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 52-54.   Abstract （256）      PDF（pc） （1072KB）（653）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Profile analysis of circRNA expression and identification of diagnostic markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of tuberculosis patients Wang Yingchao, Liu Weiyi, Ji Xiuxiu, Shang Xuetian, Jia Hongyan, Zhang Lanyue, Sun Qi, Du Boping, Zhu Chuanzhi, Pan Liping, Zhang Zongde Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 460-470.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250043 Abstract （370）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3600KB）（649）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: This study aims to uncover the expression profile of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from tuberculosis (TB) patients, and identify potential circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for TB. Methods: Microarray chip was used to get the circRNA expression profiles of PBMCs from TB patients and healthy controls (HCs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify critical gene modules strongly associated with TB. The functions of genes within these key modules were further explored through gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and immune infiltration analysis. Subsequently, the circRNAs derived from the key modules and had significant differences between TB and HCs, were validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) in an independent validation sample set, to verify the microarray results. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance of these candidate circRNAs. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the candidate circRNAs and clinical features. Results: Through WGCNA analysis, a total of 16 gene modules were identified, with the brown module being the most strongly associated with TB. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes in the brown module were primarily enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, mitochondrial autophagy in animal cells, ferroptosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and other functional pathways. Immune infiltration analysis based on the genes in the brown module indicated significant differences in the proportion of CD8+ T cells (P<0.001), resting memory CD4+ T cells (P<0.0001) and monocytes (P<0.001) between the TB and HCs group. In the brown module, nine TB-specific circRNAs were identified based on the selection criteria (P<0.05, fold change >4 or <0.25, and the mean expression value >10 in at least one group). Among them, hsa_circ_0052124’s expression level was significantly downregulated in the TB group (Z=―6.328, P<0.0001), its area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.976 (95%CI: 0.940-1.000, P<0.0001), with a sensitivity of 90.0% (95%CI: 73.5%-97.9%) and a specificity of 100.0% (95%CI: 88.4%-100.0%), which meant it could effectively distinguish TB patient from HC individuals. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hsa_circ_0052124 expression level and other clinical features (P<0.01), including apolipoprotein B (r=0.715), lipoprotein(a)(r=0.598), and glucose (r=0.575) level in the peripheral blood. Conclusion: Our study uncovered the circRNA expression profile of TB patients, identified a key gene module significantly associated with TB, and discovered a circRNA (hsa_circ_0052124) with a significant difference between TB patients and HCs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Service analysis about transformation of scientific and technological achievements in diagnosis of tuberculosis in vitro Zhang Hongjing, Chu Hongqian, Sun Zhaogang, Xie Zhongyao Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (7): 743-749.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240048 Abstract （278）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2625KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save A definitive diagnosis is paramount for effective tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment of TB patients, while advancements in diagnostic technologies are essential for effectively identifying patients. The In Vitro diagnostic (IVD) products for TB boasts a vast market and strong clinical demand. However, current challenges persist. Basic research and development often fall short of meeting clinical needs, and the pool of diagnostic-related patent technical achievements remains limited. Ongoing technical breakthroughs are essential to address these gaps. Existing diagnostic products often lack the versatility to meet the full spectrum of clinical needs. To drive rapid growth in the TB IVD industry and bolster prevention and control efforts, comprehensive service offerings are required across the entire technology development lifecycle—from achievement to productization and commercialization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S1): 262-265.   Abstract （197）      PDF（pc） （980KB）（626）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S1): 103-105.   Abstract （190）      PDF（pc） （975KB）（614）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S1): 269-271.   Abstract （108）      PDF（pc） （926KB）（613）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of World Health Organization’s Key updates to the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: rapid communication Wang Yutong, Liu Yuhong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (11): 1303-1305.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240422 Abstract （952）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （1052KB）（613）       Knowledge map    Save In June 2024, the World Health Organization issued Key updates to the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: rapid communication, recommending a new 6-month BPaL-based regimen with levofloxacin or clofazimine or both, based on new clinical trial evidence. And a nine-month protocol for the treatment of multidrug-/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis that is fluoroquinolone-sensitive, with the aim of notifying major updates ahead of the official release of the new guidelines for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. This article interprets the main updates in the notice for the reference of professionals in related fields. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 101-103.   Abstract （466）      PDF（pc） （1019KB）（600）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of laboratory diagnostic capabilities in tuberculosis-designated hospitals in China Wang Biao, Liu Yuhong, Sun Yuxian, Zhang Lijie, Li Zhili, Shu Wei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (9): 1089-1097.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240295 Abstract （372）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （843KB）（598）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities and quality control measures in tuberculosis-designated hospitals across China. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2023 ‘Research on the Prevention and Control System and Operation Mechanism of National Tuberculosis Medical Institutions’ conducted by the Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control of China CDC. These data were compared with survey data from 2015 to analyze the status and trends of tuberculosis laboratory testing technologies. Both surveys encompassed 46 units, including general hospitals, infectious disease hospitals, tuberculosis prevention and control institutions, public health centers, and specialized tuberculosis hospitals. Results: Among the 46 designated medical institutions for tuberculosis, 19 (41.3%) were provincial institutions and 27 (58.7%) were municipal institutions. In 2022, the average number of outpatient visits per institution was 16424, including 185 visits for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. On average, 1460 tuberculosis patients were admitted per institution, including 131 patients with multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. In terms of laboratory testing, these institutions primarily utilized three routine techniques in 2022: smear microscopy, culture, and drug susceptibility testing. From the perspective of different types of institutions, the implementation rates of PCR detection (70.8%, 17/24), gene chip detection (37.5%, 9/24), and molecular strain identification (58.3%, 14/24) in third-grade class-A medical institutions were significantly higher than those in other grade medical institutions (27.3% (6/22), 4.5% (1/22), and 22.7% (5/22), respectively; χ2=8.712, 5.518, and 6.002, P=0.003, 0.019, and 0.014). Additionally, the overall workload of traditional tuberculosis laboratory detection techniques (sputum smear, sputum culture, and traditional drug susceptibility testing; 19825 (11253, 38363), 13266 (4164, 24213), and 1264 (534, 2523) cases) was significantly higher than that in other medical institutions (8072 (2132, 17239), 2292 (1076, 10075), and 323 (101, 1572) cases, respectively; Z=-2.452, -2.702, and -2.225, P=0.014, 0.007 and 0.026). From a regional distribution perspective, the high-resolution melting curve detection rate in the eastern region (35.3%, 6/17) was slightly lower than that in the central region (76.5%, 13/17), with the difference being statistically significant (χ2=6.494, P=0.039). Historically, in 2022, simple and rapid diagnostic techniques such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF detection (93.5%, 43/46) and gene chip detection (21.7%, 10/46) were more widely used compared to 2014 (41.3% (19/46) and 8.7% (4/46), respectively). Furthermore, the diagnostic workload of GeneXpert MTB/RIF increased from 38 (11, 150) cases diagnosed in 2014 to 2485 (856, 8349) cases in 2022 (Z=-3.724, P<0.001), and antibody detection increased from 500 (200, 1010) cases in 2014 to 3401 (1066, 7275) cases in 2022 (Z=-4.235, P<0.001), indicating an upward trend. In terms of laboratory quality control, the oversight of cultivation techniques remained a critical focus area. In 2022, only 76.1% (35/46) of medical institutions participated in inter-laboratory quality control, with the majority being monitored by third-party institutions (74.3%, 26/35). Conclusion: Since 2014, the laboratory detection capabilities of tuberculosis-designated medical institutions in China have improved to varying degrees, particularly in molecular biology detection. Moving forward, while continuing to enhance tuberculosis laboratory detection capabilities, ensuring the quality of laboratory work will be a critical area of focus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors of treatment outcomes of retreated multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a national multicenter retrospective cohort study Ye Zhiteng, Ren Fei, Wang Hua, Yang Ming, Chen Yu, Chen Xiaohong, Wang Yun, Fan Lin Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (7): 778-784.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240088 Abstract （483）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1112KB）（594）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of treatment outcomes of retreated multidrug/rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR/RR-PTB) patients. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted to include 2291 MDR/RR-PTB patients admitted to six provincial tuberculosis designated hospitals from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. Treatment information of those patients was followed up, clinical characteristics were recorded. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of treatment outcomes of retreated MDR/RR-PTB patients. Results: Cure rate of 2291 patients was 56.44% (1293/2291), completion rate was 16.28% (373/2291), thus treatment success rate was 72.72% (1666/2291). Treatment failure rate was 11.39% (261/2291), mortality rate was 1.44% (33/2291), and loss of follow-up rate was 14.45% (331/2291). The analysis showed that combined with diabetes (OR(95%CI)=1.739 (1.315-2.301)), combined with liver disease (OR(95%CI)=2.230 (1.213-4.099)) and pulmonary cavity (OR(95%CI)=1.531 (1.244-1.885)) were risk factors for treatment failure, while regimen containing bedaquiline (OR(95%CI)=0.163 (0.097-0.274)) and gender being female (OR(95%CI)=0.713 (0.571-0.890)) were protective factors. Conclusion: The classification and treatment regime of retreated MDR/RR-PTB patients are complicated, and treatment outcomes of different types of retreated patients differentiated. Adverse and favorable factors affecting treatment outcomes should be fully identified to perform individualized treatment on patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of probe capture-based targeted next-generation sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Shi Yuru, Gu Dejian, Wu Jing, Liu Ting, Qin Linghan, Yue Li, Qi Yingjie Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (3): 305-311.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240448 Abstract （451）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （927KB）（590）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of probe capture-based targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 117 presumed pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to the Tuberculosis Department of Anhui Provincial Hospital during June 2023 to March 2024 was retrospectively analyzed. The patients received tNGS, mNGS, acid fast bacilli smear microscopy, culture and Xpert MTB/RIF. The performance of tNGS and mNGS for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated. Results: Among 117 suspected tuberculosis patients, 71 patients (60.68%) were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, while 46 cases (39.32%) were non tuberculosis patients. The sensitivity of mNGS, tNGS,smear combined with culture, smear combined with culture and Xpert MTB/RIF were 77.46% (55/71), 76.06% (54/71), 34.29% (24/70) and 54.93% (39/71) respectively. The specificity were 100.00% (46/46), 95.65% (44/46), 95.65% (44/46) and 95.65% (44/46). The positive predictive values were 100.00% (55/55), 96.43% (54/56), 92.31% (24/26) and 95.12% (39/41), while the negative predictive values were 74.19% (46/62), 72.13% (44/61), 48.89% (44/90) and 57.89% (44/76). The accordance rate were 86.32% (101/117), 83.76% (98/117), 58.62% (68/116) and 70.94% (83/117), and the Youden index were 0.77,0.72, 0.30 and 0.51. The performance of the first two groups was higher than that of the last two groups. The RPM values of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected by mNGS and tNGS were 0.22 (0.02,1.95) and 28.54 (1.65,138.16), respectively, with statistically significant difference (Z=6.338,P<0.05). The accordance rate of detection of resistance to rifampicin, fluoroquinolone, and isoniazid between tNGS and phenotypic method was 100.00%. Conclusion: mNGS and tNGS have better diagnostic efficacy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis compared to traditional detection methods. At the same time, tNGS can also be used for drug resistance detection, providing reference for clinical treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics