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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2013, 35 (4): 290-292.   Abstract （1206）      PDF（pc） （545KB）（104602）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary pulmonary TB misdiagnosed as pneumonia in children:a report of 33 cases Zhang Yang. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2005, 27 (3): 168-171.   Abstract （1610）      PDF（pc） （2526KB）（91463）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study misdiagnosed causes of primary TB to pneumonia.Method To analyze the clinical features,the films of chest X-ray,the reaction of tuberculin test in 33 cases,and find the differences between pneumonia and primary TB. Results General tuberculous intoxication symptoms such as subfebrile temperature, sweating ,indigestion, emaciation occurred in the cases. There were no high fever,shaking chills,tachypnea and three depression sign of pneumonia. Chest X-ray showed consolidation in lobar and segmental distribution. But see though the consolidation to get at the X-ray sign of primary TB in 21 cases. The positive result of tuberculin test supported the diagnosis of TB. Conclusion The misdiagnosis was happened, because the different clinical features were as neglected, the signs of chest-ray on primary TB was neglected, the tuberculin testing was not performed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The fifth national tuberculosis epidemiological survey in 2010 Technical Guidance Group of the Fifth National TB Epidemiological Survey；The Office of the Fifth National TB Epidemiological Survey Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2012, 34 (8): 485-508.   Abstract （10588）      PDF（pc） （3293KB）（73898）       Knowledge map    Save This survey aims to understand the prevalence status and trend of tuberculosis (TB) in China, and evaluate the implementation of National TB Control Programme (2001—2010). Multi-stage stratified cluster proportional random sampling method was used to select the survey population. People over 15 years old in sampled survey points were administered chest X-ray, those with suspected pulmonary TB symptoms or with suspected pulmonary TB lesion shown by X-ray were performed sputum smear and culture examination. All the bacterial strain obtained were performed drug susceptibility testing of anti-TB drugs. All active TB patients detected by this survey received the socio-economic and TB knowledge awareness questionnaire. This survey has following findings. First, the prevalence of active and smear positive was 459/100 000 and 66/100 000 respectively among population over 15 years old in 2010. Secondly, the prevalence in male was higher than in female, and gradually increase by age, peaked in 75-79 years old. Thirdly, the active and smear positive prevalence of pulmonary TB were 291/100 000 and 44/100 000 in eastern part of China, 463/100 000 and 60/100 000 in the middle part, 695/100 000 and 105/100 000 in western part, 569/100 000 and 78/100 000 in rural area, 307/100 000 and 49/100 000 in cities respectively. Fourth, the multi-drug resistance TB rate was 6.8% (19/280). Fifth, the general pulblic TB knowledge awareness rate was 57.0% (720 912/1 264 905). The sixth, the annual per capital net income of TB patient household was 3292 yuan, of those 66.8% of patients lower than 60% of nationwide per capita income. In compariton with the survey in 2000, the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB showed a downward trend among people over 15 years old, as well as in different age group and gender. However, the prevalence in rural area was higher than in cities, and western part also significantly higher than the middle and eastern parts. These findings indicated that although the TB prevalence has dropped, the TB burden especially for the multi-drug resistant TB is still very serious. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: 3-case-report and literature review GU Ye，HAO Xiao-hui，SHEN Yun，LOU Hai，WANG Hao，XIAO He-ping，SHA Wei Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2014, 36 (12): 1084-1088.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2014.12.017 Abstract （2721）      PDF（pc） （1832KB）（34551）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) has been developed as a novel diagnostic tool of peripheral pulmonary nodules. To evaluate the potential value of ENB on diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), we presented 3 PTB cases who were diagnosed by ENB and then reviewed the relative literatures. Methods During July to September in 2014, 3 adults suspected for PTB underwent ENB at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. The sputum smear and culture were repeatedly negative before ENB. And then the previous literatures were reviewed by searching Medline. From 2006 till now, 13 papers from clinical trials that were scientifically designed, containing >10 cases and completed data presented. Results All of 3 patients had been treated with standardized regimen for at least 4 months and had poor effects. CT showed that the lesions were located in the apicoposterior segment of the upper lobes, beyond the reach of conventional bronchoscopes. After being successfully navigated, the lesion locations were confirmed by peripheral ultrasound and specimens were sampled under X-ray assistant. The diagnosis yielded in all the cases with bacterial or pathologic technique. No procedure-rela-ted complications were observed. The results from previous research showed that the diagnose yield and accurate rate for peripheral pulmonary lesions by ENB were as high as 59.0%－98.0% and 59.0%－94.0%, respectively. For malignant lesions, the diagnostic accuracy reached 60.0%－89.5%.  However, little data is available about the clinical utilization of this technique in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion The ENB may have good applications in diagnosis of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the current human resource situation in the nationwide tuberculosis control and treatment organizations Xie Haibo,Zhang Hui,Li Xue,Wang Lixia,Jiang Shiwen Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2011, 33 (1): 12-15.   Abstract （1918）      PDF（pc） （874KB）（34312）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To describe the basic human resource situation in the nationwide TB control and treatment organizations, and to provide witness for future improved human resource building.   Methods All levels of the TB control and treatmentorganizations filled in the questionnaires in September to October in 2007, after the questionnaires aggregated, the provincial level organzationsreported the findings to the national center, finally the national center of TB control and prevention summarized and analyzed the data.  Results Though the numberof TB professionals has improved in some degree, the staff of the TB control and treatment organizations reached the requirements remained few. There was a shortage ofstaff members with high education and high technical title, and staff who understand the clinical informaton of TB control and prevention. The age structure of staff from some organization need further improvement. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Liqun, Xie Li, Liu Fei, Wu Xiaoguang Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2011, 33 (6): 391-392.   Abstract （2518）      PDF（pc） （967KB）（10872）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Towards zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: are we ready？ LU Shui-hua Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2014, 36 (12): 1008-1010.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2014.12.002 Abstract （1808）      PDF（pc） （1085KB）（9371）       Knowledge map    Save According to WHO estimation, there are more than half a million cases of tuberculosis in children occurring globally each year. Every day, more than 200 children under the age of 15 die of tuberculosis—a disease that is curable. WHO chart the roadmap for childhood tuberculosis: towards zero deaths. However, diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis remains difficult because of the atypical clinical symptoms and lack of sputum production in young children. Rates of progression from latent infection to active disease (including severe forms of the disease, such as meningitis, disseminated disease, or death as a result of M. tuberculosis) are higher in infants and young children. China ranks second among the high-burden countries for tuberculosis, children tuberculosis epidemic situation in China is not optimistic. Only by focusing on the common challenges for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of children tuberculosis, we can achieve the goal of zero tuberculosis deaths among children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2019, 41 (10): 1025-1073.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.10.001 Abstract （3845）   HTML （525）    PDF（pc） （2241KB）（8246）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Annual report on clinical diagnosis and treatment progress of tuberculosis(2012)(Part 2  clinical treatment) Clinic Society of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2013, 35 (7): 488-510.   Abstract （3873）      PDF（pc） （1268KB）（5906）       Knowledge map    Save In the recent one year,much progress has been made on the clinical treatment of tuberculosis(TB)and many new drugs,regimens,therapies have already been tested and verified in clinical practice. In 2012,the most encouraging event was that Bedaquiline(TMC207)has been approved by USFDA to be used in multi-drug resistant TB treatment. Immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines have also made some progress in clinical TB research. An international multi-center randomized,double-blinded,placebo-controlled study on heat inactivated Mycobacterium indicus pranii(M.w or MIP)plus glucocorticoids-contained chemotherapy to treat tuberculous exudative pericarditis is worthy of attention. This report presents the results of a randomized,double-blinded,placebo-controlled phase Ⅱb clinical trial by using the therapeutic vaccine V5 for hepatitis on the treatment of TB. For the respiratory endoscopic treatment,we mainly focused on assessing the value of the various methods in the treatment of tuberculosis,and systematically introduced the interventional treatment extracted from Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of tracheal endobronchial TB(trail version).  The progress made by bone TB surgeon specially the new surgical treatment and application for spine TB has been added.  New approaches in the treatment of drug-resistant TB have been thoroughly researched. The treatment for Mtb/HIV co-infection has also made great progress,including 7 parts:prophylaxis for latent TB infection,treatment of TB,antiretroviral therapy,the interaction of anti-TB and antiretroviral drugs,the clinical efficacy,adverse events and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on off-label use of drugs for non-tuberculous mycobacteria Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Branch of the Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2020, 42 (8): 769-787.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.08.002 Abstract （1593）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （1445KB）（5376）       Knowledge map    Save For the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease drugs or no indication, or over-treatment, over-dose, etc. The Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Branch of the Chinese Antituberculosis Association organized relevant experts on treatment drugs such as macrolides, rifamycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, tetracyclines, linezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other drugs for non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease to reach a consensus, looking forward to providing guidance to clinicians. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of a nanopore sequencing assay of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis Yan Xiaojing, Wang Qingfeng, Yang Yang, Chu Naihui, Nie Wenjuan Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (5): 487-492.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230036 Abstract （824）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （758KB）（5368）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a nanopore sequencing assay for testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Methods: Fifty cases with suspected PTB from Beijing Chest Hospital from November 2021 to April 2022 were collected. These cases were diagnosed based on results of MGIT 960 culture, GeneXpert MTB/RIF testing and nanopore sequencing of BALF samples collected during hospitalization. Taking the final clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, diagnostic accuracies of the three assays were compared. Results: Among the 50 cases analysed in this study, 22 (44.0%) were diagnosed as tuberculosis, 10 (20.0%) non-tuberculous mycobacteria and 18 (36.0%) bacterial pneumonia. Taking the clinic diagnosis as the reference standard, the sensitivity of nanopore sequencing assay technology, MGIT 960 culture and Xpert assay were 72.7% (16/22), 27.3% (6/22) and 31.8% (7/22), respectively, the specificity were 78.6% (22/28), 75.0% (21/28) and 96.4% (27/28), respectively, the accuracy were 76.0% (38/50), 54.0% (27/50) and 68.0% (34/50), respectively, and the Yoden index was 0.51, 0.02 and 0.28, respectively. Conclusion: Nanopore sequencing assay of BALF samples may have better diagnostic performance than Xpert and MGIT 960 cultures, and may improve the positive detection rate of BALF in suspected PTB patients. But this method cannot exclude pulmonary tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of weighted TOPSIS with RSR on comprehensive evaluation of tuberculosis control quality DENG Bin，PENG Jian-mei，LUO Lan- Jiao，WANG Lei Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2015, 37 (9): 960-965.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2015.05.009 Abstract （1091）      PDF（pc） （889KB）（5350）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on national pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic characteristics of children under 14 years old LIU Er-yong, MA Yan, LI Tao, DU Xin, ZHOU Lin, CHENG Shi-ming Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2014, 36 (12): 1015-1020.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2014.12.004 Abstract （2541）      PDF（pc） （857KB）（5142）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the national characteristics and change trend of tuberculosis in children under the age of 14, provide the basis for children’s TB control strategies.  Methods We obtained the TB infection rate and the prevalence rate from the 1979, 1990 and 2000 national epidemiological sampling survey of tuberculosis. We also used pulmonary TB incidence data from 2001 to 2010 to analyze the trend of childhood TB incidence.  Results In 1979, the tuberculosis infection rate in children under 14 years old is 8.8%, and tuberculosis prevalence rate was 247.1/100 000, smear positive prevalence rate was 7.5/100 000. In 2000, these rates are 9.0%, 91.8/100 000 and 6.7/100 000 respectively. The national average children reported incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 9.3/100 000 （26 563/284 520 000）in 2001 to 4.0/100 000（9751/246 550 000） in 2010. In different age groups of children, in 2001, the 0－4 year old group was highest of 11.6/100 000（7995/68 970 000）. In 2010 the 10－14 year age group was highest to 7.3/100 000（5932/81 630 000）. The percentage of reported incidence cases of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in tuberculosis cases among total population declined by year from 4.7%（26 563/570 527） in 2001 to 1.0%（9751/991 350） in 2010. Conclusion There has no decline in the children Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection rate nationwide; the prevalence of active tuberculosis and smear positive cases decreased rapidly; the reported incidence of childhood tuberculosis showed the decreasing trend. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2016, 38 (07): 521-523.   Abstract （698）      PDF（pc） （1043KB）（4964）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and application of whole genome sequencing data analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Li Xiangchen, Liu Zhengwei, Lu Yewei, Zhu Yelei, Zhang Mingwu, Jiang Jinqin, Peng Xiaojun, Wang Weixin, Gao Junshun, Wang Xiaomeng Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (11): 1193-1198.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220219 Abstract （833）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （827KB）（4596）       Knowledge map    Save Whole genome sequencing technology has been widely used in Mycobacterium tuberculosis research, including lineage identification, microevolution, drug resistance prediction, transmission monitoring and mixed infection detection, etc. Bioinformatics in genomics research runs through all stages from data processing, analysis and visualization, and plays a crucial role in the application of whole genome sequencing. Current mainstream bioinformatics software and platforms commonly used in the whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were mainly reviewed, and the newly developed bioinformatics methods in recent years from the aspects of availability, software selection and application were summarized, to provide a reference for researchers in the same field to improve the data analysis more conveniently and flexibly, and quickly select research tools. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the morisky medication adherence scale on pulmonary tuberculosis patients ZHANG Si-Yu, BAI Li-Qiong, TAN Hong-Zhuan, YANG Hua-Lin Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2010, 32 (9): 55-58.   Abstract （6233）      PDF（pc） （220KB）（4561）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the feasibility of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8-item version (MMAS 8-item version) being applied on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, and to measure and compare the adherence of PTB patients treated with fixed-does combination (FDC) and blister pack drugs. Methods In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the experimental group (EG) treated with FDC and the control group (CG) treated with blister pack drugs. MMAS 8-item version was applied to patients in both groups by questionnaire survey. Results Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.64 in this study. There were 230 patients in EG, and 233 in CG.. The adherence in EG was significantly higher than CG (Z=-6.001, P=0.000). Conclusion The adherence of PTB patients treated with FDC was better than those paitents treated with blister pack drugs. The MMAS 8-item version has a good reliability and sensitivity, could be applied on the PTB patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive interpretation of the Classification of tuberculosis (WS 196-2017) Er-yong LIU,Lin ZHOU,Li-xia WANG Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2018, 40 (3): 234-238.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.03.003 Abstract （2629）   HTML （76）    PDF（pc） （1103KB）（3981）       Knowledge map    Save In order to meet the needs of the current tuberculosis prevention and control work in China,the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) released the health industry standard for the Classification of tuberculosis (WS 196-2017) on November 9, 2017. The new classification standards are based on the etiology, epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. Amendments mainly focus on active TB, and it is in line with the characteristics of the change and development of tuberculosis. The trachea and bronchial tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy are incorporated into pulmonary tuberculosis. And the molecular and bacteriological examination result are defined as pathogenic examination. At the same time, the results of drug susceptibility test are included in the active tuberculosis classification. This standard also cover Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. The clear definition of the two groups are more conducive to the key prevention and control of tuberculosis. Increasing the drug resistance classification is beneficial to understand the status of drug-resistant tuberculosis and to evaluate the epidemic status of drug-resistant tuberculosis scientifically and objectively. The Classification of tuberculosis (WS 196-2017) will provide a strong technical support for the realization of the goal of ending tuberculosis prevention and control in China in 2035. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase and other biochemical markers in patients with tuberculous meningitis Yan-qiang CHEN,Li-ming ZHAO,Wei LI,Yi-zhe MENG,Hong-zhong BAI Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2019, 41 (7): 754-758.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.07.010 Abstract （942）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （792KB）（3804）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the biochemical test results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and their dynamic changes, and to explore its clinical significance for the diagnosis of the patients’ condition. Methods A total of 46 patients with definite or suspected TBM (Thwaites diagnostic criteria) who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Chest Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2011 to September 2014, were enrolled in this study. CSF biochemical markers(chloride, protein, glucose, adenosine deaminase (ADA)), severity grading (Stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, according to the Staging Standards of the British Medical Research Council (MRC))were recorded for correlation analysis. In addition, the dynamic changes of CFS biochemical markers and their clinical significance during the treatment were explored. Results CSF ADA level (M(Q1,Q3)) alone was significantly increased with the increase of MRC stage, which was 2.00 (1.00, 5.50) U/L in stage Ⅰ, 3.00 (2.00, 5.75) U/L in stage Ⅱ, and 7.50 (4.33, 10.00) U/L in stage Ⅲ (H=6.695, P=0.035). After pairwise comparisons between different stages, the CSF ADA and chloride levels (102.70 (98.10, 115.45) mmol/L) in patients with stage Ⅲ were significantly higher than those with stage Ⅰ (chloride 118.00 (111.80, 122.60) mmol/L) (U=13.609, P=0.033; U=2.122, P=0.035). CSF biochemical markers in 46 patients were gradually attenuated after standard treatment. The CSF chlorides were 118.10 (110.30, 121.55), 120.00 (115.93, 122.55), and 121.95 (117.78, 125.90) mmol/L at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment, respectively. The levels of glucose were 2.48 (2.11, 2.91), 2.79 (2.31, 3.35), and 3.03 (2.49, 3.43) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those on admission (114.75 (103.05, 118.55), 2.14 (1.67, 2.99) mmol/L), respectively (χ 2=34.103, 27.642; all P<0.01). In addition, at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment, the levels of proteins were 0.62 (0.34, 0.93), 0.48 (0.26, 0.85), and 0.47 (0.27, 0.80) g/L, respectively and those of ADA were 2.50 (1.00, 5.25), 2.00 (1.00, 4.00), and 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) U/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those on admission (0.95 (0.56, 1.34) g/L, and 3.50 (2.00, 7.25) U/L) (χ 2=29.221, 26.209; all P<0.01). In terms of the treatment process, as compared with the indicators on admission, there was no significant change in various indicators at 1 week after treatment (t=0.609, 0.565, 0.228, 0.359; all P>0.05). After 2 weeks after treatment, the indicators began to change remarkably (t=1.076, 1.239, 0.946, 0.761; all P<0.05). At 4 weeks after treatment, the indicators were also significantly higher than those on admission (t=1.489, 1.152, 1.261, 1.228; all P<0.01), whereas no significant difference were found in chloride, protein, glucose and ADA levels at the 2nd week after treatment (t=0.413, 0.087, 0.315, and 0.467, respectively; all P>0.05). Compared with the indicators at 1 week after treatment, the glucose and chloride levels at 4 weeks after treatment were significantly increased (t=1.033, P=0.001; t=0.880, P=0.006, respectively), and the level of ADA was significantly reduced (t=0.870, P=0.007), while there was no significant difference in the level of protein (t=0.587, P=0.175). Conclusion CSF ADA level is related to the severity of the disease. Therefore, dynamic measurement of CSF biochemical markers is helpful to evaluate the changes of TBM in patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guidline for chemotherapy of drugresistant TB (2015) Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2015, 37 (5): 421-469.   Abstract （1393）      PDF（pc） （1636KB）（3783）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2017, 39 (5): 542-544.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2017.05.026 Abstract （581）      PDF（pc） （1167KB）（3654）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances and breakthroughs in tuberculosis vaccine Li Junli, Guo Xiaonan, Liang Yan, He Pu, Li Xiaochi, Zhao Aihua, Du Weixin, Wu Xueqiong, Zhu Bingdong, Xu Miao Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1171-1184.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240296 Abstract （424）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （1885KB）（3596）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) is an enduring infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), presenting a significant threat to human health. Its primary mode of transmission is through respiratory pathways, with pulmonary tuberculosis being predominant. Currently, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only widely used prophylactic TB vaccination globally; playing a crucial role in protecting infants and young children from TB onset. Nevertheless, due to its limited long-term protection and incapacity to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), its impact on curtailing MTB spread within society at large is constrained. Researchers worldwide are actively exploring diverse technological avenues for novel TB vaccinations that extend beyond the conventional BCG framework. This review comprehensively examines recent progress in domestic and international research on novel approaches for combating TB through vaccination while outlining groundbreaking developments involving antigen screening methods, innovative vaccine platforms, and precision-focused immunization strategies—providing valuable insights for future efforts related to anti-tuberculosis vaccinations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus of clinical application of the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Schools and Children Branch of the Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2020, 42 (8): 761-768.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.08.001 Abstract （4140）   HTML （121）    PDF（pc） （1555KB）（3472）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the countries with high burden of tuberculosis worldwide, China possesses a huge number of tuberculosis cases and latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI), which brings great challenges to the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Effective identification of tuberculosis and LTBI is of great significance to control the epidemic situation of tuberculosis. The diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, especially LTBI, depends on the immunological diagnostic method of tuberculosis infection. The current immunological detection methods of tuberculosis infection are mainly tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) and antigen-antibody detection. On the basis of the current three methods, we have developed new products and techniques for the diagnosis of LTBI and tuberculosis-recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) (the product name is the Chinese general name of the drug determined by the State Pharmacopoeia Commission, and “EC” refers to the recombinant fusion protein “Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigen target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10)”) (short for “EC”), featuring simple operation, high sensitivity and specificity. At present, phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical trials of EC have been completed. In the screening of 1559 healthy people in the phase Ⅲ clinical trial, it was found that the detection results of EC and IGRA had quite high specificity and consistency(88.77%). The clinical study of 791 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis showed that the detection results of EC, tuberculosis infected T lymphocyte spot test (T-SPOT.TB) and tuberculin pure protein derivative (TB-PPD) had good sensitivity and quite high consistency among them. In the study of 479 patients uninfected Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the negative coincidence rate of EC and T-SPOT.TB was high (reaching 88.20% and 93.17%). In the study of the effect of BCG vaccine on the test results, it was found that EC and T-SPOT.TB were basically not affected by BCG. In the clinical study of 394 patients diagnosed with non-tuberculous diseases, it was found that the negative coincidence rate of EC and T-SPOT.TB was quite high, and the consistency was good (87.21%). Based on the fact that EC is safe and effective in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, EC has passed the drug examination and approval of the State Drug Administration and is approved to be listed on the market. After extensively soliciting the opinions of experts in the fields of tuberculosis prevention and control, clinical and research and combining with the clinical trial results of EC, the expert consensus on the clinical application of EC has been formed on the basis of systematically summarizing the application characteristics of relevant technologies and methods. This consensus introduces the recommendations for the clinical application of EC, including the target users, method of application, the interpretation of the results, as well as the clinical significance and scope of use. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the correlation between intestinal microbiota short chain fatty acids and pulmonary tuberculosis Zhang Xiaomeng, Li Min, Chai Yinghui, Zhou Jing, Lei Hong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 699-706.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230079 Abstract （683）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （898KB）（3454）       Knowledge map    Save Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main metabolites of the gut microbiota, mainly including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and their branched chain fatty acids, and some salts. Research has shown that there is a significant direct correlation between SCFA and the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis leads to imbalance of gut microbiota, thereby reducing the abundance of SCFA, which affects the host immune system and the response of inflammatory factors; the disorder of host immune system and inflammatory factor will promote the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis.The author reviewed the correlation between SCFA and pulmonary tuberculosis, the possible regulatory mechanism between them, and whether it was possible to improve the abundance of SCFA in the body by regulating intestinal flora to achieve the purpose of treatment or adjuvant treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection LI Guo, PANG Xian-qiong, XU Hua, JING Ming-yan, FAN Pang-shuang, CHEN Shao-ping Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2021, 43 (1): 91-95.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.01.017 Abstract （1302）   HTML （58）    PDF（pc） （879KB）（3448）       Knowledge map    Save Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a status of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Because of the risk of developing active tuberculosis, LTBI has been paid more and more attentions worldwide. The screening and preventive treatment of LTBI is an important component in the comprehensive prevention and control program of tuberculosis. However, there is no direct diagnosis method and unified treatment regimen for LTBI. In addition to the two conventional methods using for LTBI screening, tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assays, a newly developed method of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) (The generic name in Chinese of this product determined by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee is used. “EC” is the recombinant fusion protein of “early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10)”) can also be used in China. Currently, the preventive treatment with single-drug isoniazid is the most widely used regimen, but the regimen with rifamycin has more obvious advantages due to the shorter treatment duration and higher treatment compliance. So far, there are relatively few studies in the field of LTBI in China, and the coverage rate of preventive treatment for LTBI is low. Researchers related to LTBI should be conducted actively to explore the preventive treatment regimen in line with national conditions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on characteristic of drug resistance-associated gene mutations and the correlation with genotypes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Zhejiang Province Wu Kunyang, Lu Yewei, Zhang Mingwu, Zhu Yelei, Li Xiangchen, Pan Junhang, Wang Xiaomeng, Wang Wei, Jiang Minmin, Peng Xiaojun, Wang Weixin, Gao Junshun, Liu Zhengwei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (11): 1126-1134.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220224 Abstract （848）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （849KB）（3435）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the drug resistance analysis and detection performance of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the characteristic of drug resistance-associated gene mutations and its correlation with genotypes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates in Zhejiang Province. Methods: WGS analysis of 14 drugs was performed on 808 MTB strains collected from the fifth tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance project in Zhejiang Province from 2018 and 2019. MTB genotypes and drug resistance-related gene mutations were identified, meanwhile, their relationship and the consistency of WGS drug susceptibility test results and phenotypic drug susceptibility test results of isoniazid were analyzed. Results: Of the 808 MTB strains, 153 were identified with drug-resistant gene mutations related to 11 anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, ethionamide, para-aminosalicylic acid) and the overall mutation rate was 18.9%. The major drug resistance-associated gene mutation types were katG-315-S/T (isoniazid, 60.0% (45/75)), rpoB-450-S/L (rifampicin, 57.1% (16/28)), embB-306-M/V (ethambutol, 43.8% (7/16)), rpsL-43-K/R (streptomycin, 65.5% (36/55)), gyrA-94-D/G (fluoroquinolones, 36.6% (15/41)), rrs-1402-C/A (amikacin, 3/3), rrs-1402-C/A (kanamycin, 3/4), rrs-1402-C/A (capreomycin, 3/3), inhA-15-C/T (ethionamide, 65.0% (13/20)) and thyA-75-H/N (para-aminosalicylic acid, 7/8). Drug resistance-associated mutations on rpsL gene were detected only in Beijing genotype strains (6.8% (40/586) vs. 0.0% (0/222), χ2=15.943, P=0.000). The mutation rate of katG-315 was higher in Beijing genotype strains (6.8% (40/586)) than non-Beijing genotype strains (3.2% (7/222)) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.964, P=0.046). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, consistency rate and Kappa value of the WGS drug resistance profiling method for isoniazid were 87.5% (49/56), 98.0% (680/694), 77.8% (49/63), 99.0% (680/687), 97.2% (729/750) and 0.808, respectively. Conclusion: The major drug resistance-associated gene mutations of 11 drugs were on katG, rpoB, embB, pncA, rpsL, gyrA, rrs, thyA and inhA among Zhejiang Province MTB strains. Mutations on rpsL, katG-315 and rpsL-43 were related with Beijing genotypes. The WGS drug resistance profiling method has comprehensive detection performance for isoniazid, but the performance of some drug-resistant gene mutations is poor. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on treatment and management of tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease/, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2021, 43 (1): 12-22.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.01.004 Abstract （2312）   HTML （156）    PDF（pc） （1552KB）（3356）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both frequently-occurring clinical diseases and global pandemics. The two can coexist and influence each other. DM increases the risk of active TB, and TB may provoke hyperglycemia. The double burden of TB and DM has become a major public health problem. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the two diseases jointly. This consensus focuses on the pandemics, two-way screening, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and management of comorbidity of TB-DM, providing guidance to health care workers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2015, 37 (4): 413-414.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2015.04.020 Abstract （1476）      PDF（pc） （643KB）（3182）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of molecular diagnosis of drug resistance tuberculosis ZHANG Jun Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2011, 33 (9): 608-610.   Abstract （2489）      PDF（pc） （713KB）（3179）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Health Belief Model in tuberculosis area FANG Hong-xia, QIN Yu-bao, WANG Xu, XIE Hai-bo, SUN Yan-bo, LI Fa-bin, YAN Xing-lu, HONG Feng, HE Xiao-xin, CHANG Chun, ZHAN Si-yan Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2013, 35 (1): 70-76.   Abstract （2755）      PDF（pc） （765KB）（2985）       Knowledge map    Save The Health Belief Model（HBM）is a theoretical model that was generated in 1950，which uses social psychology method to explain the health-related behaviors. It contributes to helping people produce health promotion behavior and abandon health-risky behavior and to forecast the health behavior. At present, HBM had been widely used in many areas include tuberculosis. In tuberculosis area abroad, HBM had been applied in case finding (screening and diagnose), treatment, prevention and health education and so on, among which, patient’s diagnosis was more applied. In addition, its theoretical model was also improved in the actual continuously application. HBM had been applied in treatment (adherence and care) in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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MA Hong-xia, ZHANG Zhe, GUO You-min Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2012, 34 (1): 45-52.   Abstract （4787）      PDF（pc） （3668KB）（2981）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on immune function assessment and immunotherapy in patients with active tuberculosis (2021 Edition) Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment/Institute for Tuberculosis Research of the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis , Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (1): 9-27.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210680 Abstract （1589）   HTML （90）    PDF（pc） （2035KB）（2949）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis is not only a bacterial infectious disease but also an immune disease. The occurrence, development, and prognosis of tuberculosis are closely related to the anti-tuberculosis immunity of the patients. Patients with active tuberculosis usually have abnormalities in the function of innate immune and adaptive immune. Detecting the number of immune cells and immune function can evaluate the immune status of active tuberculosis patients, to provide evidence for clinical immune intervention. The immune intervention using immune agents can enhance immunity function, improve the cure rate and shorten the course of treatment, eliminate the persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reduce the recurrence rate. Although the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis is widely used in the clinic, the mechanisms of anti-tuberculosis immunity and immune abnormality and their role in tuberculosis are not well understood and lack in-depth research. There is no consensus on the indication of immune function evaluation, the application of the evaluation index, and their clinical significance in active tuberculosis patients. In addition, the application of immune agents is limited by the policy, and there is also no consensus on immune intervention or not, the indication of immunotherapy and selection of immune agents for active tuberculosis patients. Therefore, the experts were organized to draw up “Expert consensus on immune function assessment and immunotherapy in patients with active tuberculosis (2021 Edition)” by the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. This expert consensus outlines the mechanism of anti-tuberculosis immunity and immune abnormality in tuberculosis patients; introduces the immunological detection methods commonly used in tuberculosis clinic practice; puts forward the indications, methods, and strategies for evaluating the immune status of active tuberculosis patients; systematically introduces the clinical immunotherapy preparations available in clinic practice, and puts forward the indications and contraindications of immunotherapy for active tuberculosis patients, to help clinicians timely and reasonably carry out the immunotherapy in the patients with active tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection and preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children Xue QI,Jian-ling TIAN,Lin SUN,A-dong SHEN Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2018, 40 (5): 447-454.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.05.003 Abstract （1538）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1350KB）（2933）       Knowledge map    Save Latent tuberculosis infection (LTIB) seriously endangers children’s health. In children, LTBI is mostly transmitted from adult, which reflects the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, disease control and epidemic situation of adult tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, strengthening the management of LTBI in children is of great significance to the prevention and control of global TB. However, there is still a lack of uniform standards and consensus for the selection of the screening indications and methods for children LTBI and the selection of preventive treatment options. The author summarizes the WHO guidelines, guidelines and recommendations of different countries and relevant clinical studies to help clinical doctors understand children LTBI high-risk groups and the screening process, and recommends relevant preventive intervention plan, so as to promote the management and diagnosis of children LTBI. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease ZHANG Ya-nan, DUAN Hong-fei. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2017, 39 (10): 1126-1129.   Abstract （2093）      PDF（pc） （815KB）（2905）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics