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Research advances and breakthroughs in tuberculosis vaccine Li Junli, Guo Xiaonan, Liang Yan, He Pu, Li Xiaochi, Zhao Aihua, Du Weixin, Wu Xueqiong, Zhu Bingdong, Xu Miao Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1171-1184.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240296 Abstract （433）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （1885KB）（3600）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) is an enduring infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), presenting a significant threat to human health. Its primary mode of transmission is through respiratory pathways, with pulmonary tuberculosis being predominant. Currently, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only widely used prophylactic TB vaccination globally; playing a crucial role in protecting infants and young children from TB onset. Nevertheless, due to its limited long-term protection and incapacity to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), its impact on curtailing MTB spread within society at large is constrained. Researchers worldwide are actively exploring diverse technological avenues for novel TB vaccinations that extend beyond the conventional BCG framework. This review comprehensively examines recent progress in domestic and international research on novel approaches for combating TB through vaccination while outlining groundbreaking developments involving antigen screening methods, innovative vaccine platforms, and precision-focused immunization strategies—providing valuable insights for future efforts related to anti-tuberculosis vaccinations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the correlation between intestinal microbiota short chain fatty acids and pulmonary tuberculosis Zhang Xiaomeng, Li Min, Chai Yinghui, Zhou Jing, Lei Hong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 699-706.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230079 Abstract （687）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （898KB）（3466）       Knowledge map    Save Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main metabolites of the gut microbiota, mainly including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and their branched chain fatty acids, and some salts. Research has shown that there is a significant direct correlation between SCFA and the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis leads to imbalance of gut microbiota, thereby reducing the abundance of SCFA, which affects the host immune system and the response of inflammatory factors; the disorder of host immune system and inflammatory factor will promote the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis.The author reviewed the correlation between SCFA and pulmonary tuberculosis, the possible regulatory mechanism between them, and whether it was possible to improve the abundance of SCFA in the body by regulating intestinal flora to achieve the purpose of treatment or adjuvant treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 714-717.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230144 Abstract （666）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （1576KB）（2886）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of regression discontinuity in public health Yu Shengnan, Gao Qi, Zheng Liang, Shi Yuan, Chen Yijin, Li Xiujun Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 644-650.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230130 Abstract （738）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （2270KB）（2287）       Knowledge map    Save Regression discontinuity (RD) is a kind of statistical method for making causal inferences based on counterfactuals composed of both sides of the cutoff. In recent years, the application of RD has gradually increased in public health, especially in the fields of factors influencing air quality and the effects of related policy interventions, as well as vaccine effectiveness. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19, RD has also been increasingly applied to investigate the impact of the epidemic on public health and individual behavior. The application conditions of RD are relatively simple, and RD can reduce the effect of confounding and reflect the causal relationship between variables more realistically. In this study, based on the introduction of the idea and application of RD, the current status of its application in public health is reviewed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 480-483.   Abstract （332）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（2227）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 522-527.   Abstract （183）      PDF（pc） （1064KB）（2093）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 546-558.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250058 Abstract （495）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （2323KB）（2009）       Knowledge map    Save Urological tuberculosis has an insidious onset and lacks specificity in clinical manifestations, which often leads to delayed diagnosis, resulting in decline in renal function or even end-stage renal failure. Treatment of urological tuberculosis includes systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with local therapy, surgical intervention, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, etc. The selection of appropriate treatment methods is essential to maximize the preservation of renal function and improve the prognosis of the patients. At present, there is a lack of relevant and reasonable guiding documents for the diagnosis and treatment program of urological tuberculosis in China. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis and improve the level of clinicians so that the patients can be cured early and damage to renal function can be reduced, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and Basic and Clinical Specialty Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized experts to formulate the “Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis”, based on the experience and methods of diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis in China, as well as the relevant research achievements in diagnosis and treatment abroad. This consensus integrates China’s diagnostic and therapeutic experience and methods with international research achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis. This consensus outlines the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological process, main clinical manifestations, and common examination methods of urological tuberculosis, puts forward the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis, and gives specific treatment suggestions on the program and indications for systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, local treatment, and surgical intervention of this disease. It aims to provide clinicians with a scientific and practical reference for accurate diagnosis and rational treatment of the patients with urological tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on molecular biology diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (8): 961-975.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250225 Abstract （617）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （1412KB）（1693）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease has been on the rise. Traditional methods such as acid-fast bacilli staining and mycobacterial culture suffer from limitations including low sensitivity, being time-consuming, and inability to identify specific species. In contrast, molecular biology detection technologies have demonstrated unique advantages and great application prospects in the diagnosis of NTM diseases and precise species identification. However, there is lack of systematic and comprehensive guideline for the molecular diagnosis of NTM disease in China. In order to standardize the clinical application of molecular diagnostic techniques for NTM diseases and enhance the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of medical professionals, the Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association organized a writing group composed of domestic experts in the fields of NTM diseases, infectious diseases, microbiology, and methodology. Through systematic literature reviews, multiple rounds of online and offline discussions, and questionnaire surveys, the group evaluated the respective merits, limitations, and implementation status of current molecular detection technologies, discussed key issues in molecular diagnosis of NTM diseases, and ultimately formulated this consensus after iterative revisions through multiple consensus conferences. Focusing on core issues such as molecular targets for NTM disease diagnosis, molecular biological diagnostic techniques, and standardized interpretation protocols, the consensus formulated 11 evidence-based recommendations. It systematically establishes a technical framework and clinical application pathway for molecular biological diagnosis of NTM diseases, addressing core challenges like technical fragmentation and inconsistent interpretation standards. It provides actionable guidance for clinicians, clinical laboratories, and public health departments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical practice guidelines for early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in general medical facilities National Center of Medical Quality Control for Respiratory Diseases , Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association , Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , China-Japan Friendship Hospital Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (2): 127-140.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230428 Abstract （1772）   HTML （116）    PDF（pc） （3712KB）（1603）       Knowledge map    Save The diagnosis delay of pulmonary tuberculosis not only results in aggravation and treatment challenges for patients but also leads to the continuously group spreading of tuberculosis. Early detection in general medical facilities, the main primary diagnosis healthcare contact for pulmonary tuberculosis patients, plays a crucial role in achieving the goal of “End tuberculosis strategy”. The National Center of Medical Quality Control for Respiratory Diseases, Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, and China-Japan Friendship Hospital jointly organized experts to formulate the Clinical practice guidelines for early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in general medical facilities based on the results of China’s tuberculosis prevention practice and the relevant guidelines of the World Health Organization and supplement relevant research evidence at home and abroad. This guide systematically summarizes the characteristics of different diagnostic techniques for pulmonary tuberculosis and proposes tuberculosis screening strategies for different target populations seeking treatment in comprehensive medical institutions, providing evidence for improving and optimizing early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in national and regional comprehensive medical institutions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the clinical application of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacteriosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Tuberculosis Control Branch of China Intrnational Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (6): 543-558.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230113 Abstract （904）   HTML （60）    PDF（pc） （3420KB）（1533）       Knowledge map    Save Nucleic acid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique has been increasingly applied in the etiology and drug resistance diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, providing a rapid and accurate basis for early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and drug resistance identification. However, it needs to be normalized that the clinician’s understanding and grasp of sample selection, retention, submitting time and precautions, and interpretation of report results. This consensus summarizes the clinical indications and specimen collection precautions of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS detection technique for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, and introduces how to correctly interpret the reported results of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique used to mycobacterial species and drug resistance. It has important significance to further standardize the clinical application of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, improve the level of clinical diagnosis, and guide the early accurate and effective clinical treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S1): 50-55.   Abstract （882）      PDF（pc） （1015KB）（1533）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Standardization Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Elderly Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (7): 813-829.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250231 Abstract （665）   HTML （83）    PDF（pc） （1442KB）（1498）       Knowledge map    Save Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection test is an essential method for identifying latent tuberculosis infection and clinically diagnosing tuberculosis. To better guide clinical practice, this consensus was jointly organized by the Tuberculosis Control Branch, Standardization Professional Branch and Elderly Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association. Based on domestic and international research progress and clinical practice experiences, and taking into account the specific situations in different scenarios, recommendations on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies are proposed. The consensus provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics and applications of various Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection tests and offers specific suggestions for the selection and application of detection technologies in different application scenarios, such as high-risk populations, key venue populations, and clinical tuberculosis diagnosis. In addition, the application of infection test results in tuberculosis treatment efficacy evaluation is discussed. This consensus aims to provide references for professionals related to tuberculosis prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment in medical and health institutions at all levels and types, in order to help achieve the goal of “ending the TB epidemic”. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 3: diagnosis: tests for tuberculosis infection Xin Henan, Gao Lei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 639-643.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230128 Abstract （1427）   HTML （114）    PDF（pc） （954KB）（1463）       Knowledge map    Save On September 30, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 3: diagnosis: tests for tuberculosis infection. The medical evidence-based guideline systematically evaluated the performance of different tests and recommended using of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-based skin tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection for the first time. The author now introduces the development of the new guideline and interprets the three key recommendations hoping to provide evidence-based reference for tuberculosis infection test and control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 1: prevention: tuberculosis preventive treatment Guo Tonglei, Xin Henan, Gao Lei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (8): 723-727.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230199 Abstract （1243）   HTML （122）    PDF（pc） （1382KB）（1457）       Knowledge map    Save World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 1: prevention: tuberculosis preventive treatment (2020 version guideline) on February 25, 2020, and guided the implementation of the 2020 version guideline through the implementation manual which contains the details of the implementation of guidance recommendations. The 2020 version guideline integrates the latest research since the WHO released Latent tuberculosis infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management in 2018, and updates some recommendations. The author introduces the 2020 version guideline and interprets its key recommendations, hoping to provide a reference for the implementation of tuberculosis preventive treatment in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the treatment of tuberculosis with contezolid Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Inspire-CODA Research Group Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (2): 123-129.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240480 Abstract （1017）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （1297KB）（1456）       Knowledge map    Save Contezolid, a novel generation of oxazolidinone antibiotics independently developed in China, has been approved for the treatment of complex skin and soft tissue infections. With its expanding exploratory applications in the clinical management of tuberculosis and the ongoing growth of related clinical research, there is an increasing demand among clinicians for comprehensive guidelines and standardized protocols for its use. To address this need, the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis and the Chinese Antituberculosis Association convened experts nationwide for in-depth discussions, culminating in the development of the Expert consensus on the treatment of tuberculosis with contezolid. This consensus aims to standardize and guide healthcare professionals in the use of contezolid for tuberculosis treatment, addressing uncertainties arising from the lack of specified indications, dosages, or treatment durations in current drug labels and existing antituberculosis guidelines. It is hoped that this consensus will serve as a valuable reference for practitioners in China and contribute to the rational and effective application of contezolid in clinical practice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of national reported pulmonary tuberculosis incidence, 1997—2023 Song Yuanyuan, Li Tao, Xia Hui, Zhang Lijie, Zhang Hui, Zhao Yanlin, Wang Lixia Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1198-1208.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240382 Abstract （1051）   HTML （126）    PDF（pc） （4332KB）（1309）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To systematically description and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China from 1997 to 2023, and to provide scientific evidences for development and improvement of TB prevention and control strategies in China. Methods: The incidence data of pulmonary TB from 1997 to 2023 were collected from the National Epidemic Data Collection, Disease Surveillance and Statistics Report, and Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System. The temporal and spatial trends of reported incidence of pulmonary TB in the whole country and various regions, the distribution characteristics of different gender, age and occupation group,and the positive rate of etiology in TB patients were analyzed. Results: From 1997 to 2023, a total of 21.9066 million pulmonary TB cases were reported in China, increasing from 418234 in 1997 to 1259308 in 2005, and then decreasing to 613091 in 2023. From 2005 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB showed an decreasing trend (AAPC=-4.78%, 95%CI: -5.44% to -4.13%, P<0.001), and the decline was slower in the western region (AAPC=-4.42%, 95%CI: -5.77% to -2.89%, P<0.001). From 1997 to 2023, the male-to-female ratio of reported TB cases in China was 2.22∶1, the proportion of children younger than 15 years showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-5.74%, 95%CI: -6.01% to -5.50%, P<0.001), and the proportion of elderly aged ≥65 years showed an increasing trend (AAPC=3.80%, 95%CI: 3.61% to 3.99%, P<0.001). The top five occupations reporting the number of cases were farmers, animal keepers and fishermen (61.50%,13421197/21822416), homemakers and unemployed persons (9.32%,2033078/21822416), workers (5.89%,1285335/21822416), students (5.44%,1186104/21822416) and retired persons (4.69%,1022406/21822416). The etiological positive rate of reported TB patients in 2023 was 67.08%(392569/585187). Conclusion: Since 1997, the reported incidence of pulmonary TB in China increased first and then decreased, reflecting the effect of effective TB prevention and control measures in different periods. In the future, different strategies should be implemented according to the epidemic characteristics of TB in different regions and populations, and the application of new technologies and measures should be promoted to accelerate the end of the TB epidemic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease/Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1105-1125.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250276 Abstract （499）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （5072KB）（1264）       Knowledge map    Save Comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer refers to the condition where the same patient is affected by both pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer either simultaneously or sequentially. The occurrence of such comorbidity increases the difficulty in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, easily resulting in missed diagnoses, misdiagnoses, and delayed treatment. There exist complex interactions between lung cancer chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and anti-tuberculosis drugs, which not only impair the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor treatments but also significantly elevate adverse drug reactions. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop standardized diagnosis and treatment consensus through multidisciplinary collaboration to guide clinical practice. The Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association and the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases/Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, in collaboration with Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute and other institutions, have jointly developed the Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. This consensus elaborates on the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis-lung cancer comorbidity. It also addresses the screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection. Special emphasis is placed on key clinical challenges, such as drug-drug interactions, optimization of treatment regimens, and the appropriate timing of surgery and radiotherapy. The consensus provides 22 specific recommendations to support standardized and evidence-based clinical decision-making. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 22-24.   Abstract （219）      PDF（pc） （1016KB）（1260）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of artificial intelligence in pulmonary tuberculosis imaging diagnosis and drug resistance prediction Li Wenhan, Yang Jing, Li Chunhua Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (9): 1098-1103.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240123 Abstract （775）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （831KB）（1256）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease worldwide. Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and identification of drug resistant tuberculosis are of great significance, but non-invasive and precise diagnosis and treatment are still limited. With the development of medical mega data, artificial intelligence (AI) has been gradually applied to PTB research. AI mining high flux characteristics from image, to provide the possibility of non-invasive and reproducible evaluation of lesions. In this paper, the research progress of AI technology in PTB image diagnosis and differential diagnosis, disease monitoring and drug resistance prediction in recent years is reviewed, with a view to promoting the clinical translation of AI diagnosis and drug resistance prediction technology for PTB, and providing support for the realization of precision medicine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the characteristics of highly cited literature on the topic of “tuberculosis” based on bibliometrics Guo Meng, Wu Wen, Li Jingwen, Fan Yongde Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (5): 567-577.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240075 Abstract （464）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （3076KB）（1255）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To study highly cited literature in the field of tuberculosis in China, understand the current development status of this research field, and study future development trends. Methods: Using CiteSpace visualization application software, we analyzed the publication time, journal sources, authors, and content of highly cited literature (citation frequency ≥30 times) with “tuberculosis” as the theme in the “Wanfang Database”. Results: The publication of highly cited literature in the field of tuberculosis in China mainly concentrated in 2012 and 2013, with 106 and 100 articles respectively. The Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, and Journal of Clinical Pulmonary Medicine were the main journals published those highly cited literature, with 127, 34, and 25 articles respectively. Researchers mainly focused on topics of “tuberculosis diagnosis”“risk factors”“drug resistance”“diabetes”“rifampicin”“spinal tuberculosis”, and “health education”, with the keyword frequency of 46, 35, 26, 26, 20, 17 and 16 times respectively. Conclusion: The publication of papers in the field of “tuberculosis” is booming. In the future, we need to continue to pay attention to hot areas such as tuberculosis resistance, diabetes comorbidity, spinal tuberculosis, health education, etc., and to further collaborate with hot authors to create high-level papers leading academic development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Tuberculosis Control Branch of China Intrnational Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (6): 531-542.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230120 Abstract （1031）   HTML （70）    PDF（pc） （1407KB）（1250）       Knowledge map    Save Superficial lymph node tuberculosis is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Due to the lack of specificity in its clinical symptoms, it is hard to differentiate it from non-tuberculous lymphadenitis, lymphoma, lymph node metastatic cancer, and other diseases. At present, there are many treatment methods for superficial lymphoid tuberculosis, mainly including systemic chemotherapy, local treatment, and integrated treatment with traditional Chinese and western medicine, while local treatment includes local injection of anti-tuberculosis drugs, ultrasonic drug penetration, and focal clearance and resection. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment scheme, it is better to choose appropriate treatment methods for specific types. How to select a reasonable treatment plan still lacks relevant guidance documents. Therefore, to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis, and improve the level of clinicians to enable the patients to recover early and reduce recurrence, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and the Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of the Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized experts to combine the experience and methods of diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis in China, as well as research results related to diagnosis and treatment abroad, to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis. This consensus outlines the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiological characteristics and main clinical manifestations of superficial lymph node tuberculosis. It also introduces common examination methods, puts forward the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and prognosis, and gives treatment suggestions according to different clinical stages and pathological types, so that the clinicians can accurately diagnose and reasonably treat the patients with superficial lymph node tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on clinical monitoring and management of QTc interval prolongation caused by anti-tuberculous drugs Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (1): 8-17.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230271 Abstract （2349）   HTML （75）    PDF（pc） （1793KB）（1243）       Knowledge map    Save Bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine and fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are essential to improve the global cure rate of multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, these drugs may lead to the prolongation of QTc interval corrected by electrocardiograph, which may cause serious adverse effects. Clinicians need to timely find, properly deal with and prevent adverse effects. This article aims at the common problems in clinical monitoring and management of QTc interval prolongation caused by anti-tuberculous drugs. According to the published research data and the application experience of participating experts, it was formed through discussion among many experts. Professional advice was given on the discovery, treatment and prevention of QTc interval prolongation caused by anti-tuberculous drugs, aiming at timely and standardized prevention and treatment of adverse reactions in the process of anti-tuberculous treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent advances in the source and biological function of bacterial DNA in extracellular vesicles Liu Dingyi, Sun Hong, Sheng Gang, Sun Zhaogang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 693-698.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230060 Abstract （860）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （736KB）（1226）       Knowledge map    Save Cells can release their own substances or metabolites outside the cell through extracellular vesicles, which is also known as EV (exosomes). As research progressed, it is discovered that bacteria can also produce exosomes that encapsulate many macromolecules (including proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA) and that bacterial exosomes are closely linked to a variety of biological activities, including bacterial survival and development, as well as bacterial-mediated intra- and inter-species interactions. Researchers have also found that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can produce exosomes containing DNA, and that bacterial exosomes DNA can perform biological functions such as mediating horizontal gene transfer, assisting in biofilm formation, and stimulating immunomodulatory mechanisms. In this paper, the production mode and biological functions of bacterial extracellular DNA have been elucidated, so that readers can have deeper understanding of bacterial exosomes DNA and promote further research and development of bacterial exosome DNA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Focusing on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in sputum-free patients and exploring the potential of tongue swab substitution Dong Yu, Pang Yu Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (12): 1131-1133.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230379 Abstract （801）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1004KB）（1067）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis is a global health threat. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the main form of tuberculosis, and sputum is the preferred diagnostic specimen. The bacteriological or molecular biological tests for sputum have become the gold standard, however, the difficulty of diagnosis in sputum-free patients is increasing. Although bronchial lavage fluid and gastric fluid can be used in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, there are difficulties and inconveniences in the collection process. Tongue swab, as a simple and rapid specimen with low biosafety risk, may be an ideal replacement type of sputum specimen or a new means to assist in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this paper, the author emphasizes the importance of the diagnosis of patients with sputum-free pulmonary tuberculosis, and looks forward to the application of tongue swab in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of social organization standard of Specification for Pathological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Zhao Yanli, Che Nanying Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (4): 371-374.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240074 Abstract （705）   HTML （41）    PDF（pc） （1283KB）（1021）       Knowledge map    Save The social organization standard Specification for Pathological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (T/CRHA 029—2023) was officially released on the national group standard platform on December 25, 2023, and was implemented from January 1, 2024. This article interprets the core points of the standard, aiming to assist pathologists at all levels of medical institutions nationwide in mastering the basis of pathological diagnosis of tuberculosis and improving their diagnostic proficiency in this area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of awareness rate of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control of newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients Jiang Xiaoying, Zhang Wen, Gao Mengqiu, Zhang Zhiguo, Mi Fengling Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (8): 794-800.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230090 Abstract （545）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （830KB）（984）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate the awareness of the core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Using the prospective cohort study method, 202 newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who met the conditions of the “home treatment management model” and were included in three municipal tuberculosis prevention and control institutions (specialized hospitals), including the Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, the Changping District Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute of Beijing, and the Daxing District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, from January 2019 to January 2023, were investigated. A self-designed survey questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face inquiry survey on the survey subjects at their first visit, collecting their basic information, past medical history, and current diagnosis and treatment status. The respondents who reported that they knew tuberculosis related core knowledge were further investigated the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge. A total of 202 questionnaires were distributed and 202 valid questionnaires were collected, with a questionnaire effectiveness rate of 100%. The general situation of the respondents and the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge were statistically analyzed, and the factors affecting the awareness rate were further analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Of the 202 respondents, 191 (94.55%) reported that they knew about tuberculosis, and the total awareness rate of the 8 core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control was 70.42% (1076/1528). Univariate analysis showed that the total awareness rate was the highest in the 15-29 year old group (76.69%, 227/296), and the lowest in the 45-59 year old group (65.20%, 193/296), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=19.236, P<0.001). The total awareness rate of non local registered residence (74.20%, 558/752), those with bachelor’s degree or above (77.02%, 191/248), those who do not drink (73.15%, 673/920) and those who used to drink but now do not (70.09%, 342/488) was significantly higher than that of registered residence (67.52%, 524/776), middle school (71.56%, 750/1048), primary school and below (60.78%, 141/232) and current drinkers (55.83%, 67/120), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 8.236, 16.213, 15.589, respectively, and P values were <0.005,<0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of knowing tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge of patients with chronic diseases and patients aged 45-59 years were 30.0% (95%CI: 9.1%-98.8%) and 18.5% (95%CI: 3.5%-99.4%) of patients without chronic diseases and patients aged 15-29 years, respectively. The information channel for respondents to obtain tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge was mainly media (such as network/television/radio/leaflets), with a selection rate of 53.93% (103/191). Conclusion: The total awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge of newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was low. Targeted measures should be taken for tuberculosis patients aged 45-59, with registered residence in the city, with secondary school and primary school education and below, and drinking now, and health education for tuberculosis prevention and control should be carried out through various information channels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the performance of deep learning models ResNet18 and ResNet50 based on multiphase CT for the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis Yi Wanqing, Zheng Xueyi, Zhang Zhuang, Sun Weirong, Yuan Xiaodong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (3): 288-293.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230375 Abstract （588）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （1130KB）（982）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate the feasibility of deep learning models based on CT images for the differential diagnosis of renal tuberculosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients (400 kidneys) admitted to the Eighth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the PLA from September 2018 to August 2020, diagnosed with renal tuberculosis, renal tumors, pyelonephritis, normal kidneys, renal cysts, or hydronephrosis by pathological or clinical confirmation. The 400 CT images of the kidneys were divided into the tuberculosis group (n=114) and the non-tuberculosis group (n=286), and then further divided into a training set (renal tuberculosis: 85; non-renal tuberculosis: 235) and a test set (renal tuberculosis: 29; non-renal tuberculosis: 51) with the ratio of 8∶2. Deep learning models for the unenhanced phase, corticomedullary phase, nephrographic phase, and excretory phase of the kidneys were constructed using the ResNet18 and ResNet50 networks based on the training set. The diagnostic performance of the constructed models for renal tuberculosis was evaluated based on the test set, including the calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score. Results: In the training set, the average age of the tuberculosis group ((41.27±11.75) years) was lower than that of the non-tuberculosis group ((54.05±13.97) years), with a statistically significant difference (t=5.753, P<0.05). In the test set, the average age of the tuberculosis group ((44.06±11.95) years) was significantly lower than that of the non-tuberculosis group ((56.12±10.73) years)(t=3.444, P<0.05). In the training set, males accounted for 66.7% (40/60) and females accounted for 33.3% (20/60) in the tuberculosis group, while in the non-tuberculosis group, males accounted for 60.9% (78/128) and females accounted for 39.1% (50/128); however, the gender distribution showed no statistically significant difference in the training set (χ2=0.009, P=0.924). In the test set, 64.3% (18/28) of individuals in the tuberculosis group were male, and 35.7% (10/28) were female; in the non-tuberculosis group, 58.7% (27/46) were male, and 41.3% (19/46) were female, with no significant difference (χ2=0.018, P=0.894). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score of the four-phase images were all higher in the ResNet18 model compared to those in the ResNet50 model. The ResNet18 model demonstrated superior performance in the corticomedullary phase, with an AUC of 0.925 and corresponding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score of 93.1%, 86.3%, 88.7%, and 0.857, respectively. In contrast, the AUC for the medullary phase of the ResNet50 model was 0.858, with corresponding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score of 72.4%, 84.3%, 80.0%, and 0.724, respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of the ResNet18 model for renal tuberculosis based on multi-phase CT images was superior to that of the ResNet50 model. And the corticomedullary phase exhibited the best diagnostic performance in the ResNet18 model, indicating the high clinical application value. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the standardization of broth microdilution method for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China Tuberculosis Basic Professional Branch, Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 535-545.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250070 Abstract （377）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1595KB）（956）       Knowledge map    Save Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a serious challenge in the field of global public health. At present, it is difficult to provide accurate and effective treatment plans for patients based solely on binary phenotypic drug sensitivity and genotypic drug sensitivity tests. The microbroth dilution drug sensitivity test based on the microplate not only covers a variety of drugs and multiple concentrations at one time, but also provides quantitative drug resistance information for the clinic, so it is receiving more and more attention. In order to use the microbroth dilution drug sensitivity test in a reasonable, scientific, and standardized manner, the Tuberculosis Basic Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association had organized experts in relevant fields to formulate this consensus on technical characteristics, application value, standardized operation, result interpretation, and precautions in actual operation of this drug sensitivity method, and proposed 12 recommendations, aiming to provide unified guiding principles for clinical and laboratory staff who are related to tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of the World Health Organization’s Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance (2nd Edition) Pei Shaojun, Ou Xichao Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (3): 260-266.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230450 Abstract （1187）   HTML （74）    PDF（pc） （1050KB）（951）       Knowledge map    Save Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major obstacle to the achievement of the End TB Strategy by 2035. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the use of rapid molecular drug susceptibility testing technology for early diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Covering comprehensive and reliable drug resistance-related mutations is the key to improving the reliability of molecular drug resistance diagnosis. WHO has released the second edition of the Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance in November 2023. This catalogue described more comprehensive and accurate drug-resistance-related gene mutations based on the largest collection of multinational Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, so as to support the development and improvement of the molecular drug susceptibility testing technology. This article provides a detailed interpretation of the updates in the analysis process and drug-resistant mutations in the second edition of the catalogue compared with the first edition, and looks forward to the future direction of improving the catalogue. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis , Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange , Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (3): 243-257.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250025 Abstract （466）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （1985KB）（950）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculous peritonitis lacks specific clinical manifestations, making differential diagnosis difficult, and often leading to delayed confirmation of diagnosis, which increases the difficulty of treatment. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, multiple specialties and departments are usually involved, requiring the involvement of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the prognosis of patients with tuberculous peritonitis. However, there is still a lack of relevant guiding consensus or guidelines for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis in China. Therefore, in order to provide reasonable and standardized systematic diagnosis and treatment for patients with tuberculous peritonitis, improve patient prognosis, and reduce mortality, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis, based on China’s current diagnostic and therapeutic experience and research achievements in tuberculous peritonitis. This consensus summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, and main clinical manifestations of tuberculous peritonitis, introduces common examination methods for tuberculous peritonitis, proposes the diagnostic criteria and treatments suggestions of tuberculous peritonitis, and especially gives recommendations on the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparation, surgical method and timing selection, and postoperative patient management, etc. It aims to provide clinical physicians with scientific and practical reference. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of the third edition of WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 3: diagnosis: rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection Wang Xiaomin, Chen Jinyun, Zeng Yuqin, Ma Quan, Kong Xingxing, Meng Jianzhou, Lu Shuihua Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (9): 1006-1022.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240221 Abstract （1136）   HTML （68）    PDF（pc） （1319KB）（930）       Knowledge map    Save On 20 March 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 3: diagnosis: rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection. The third edition of the guidelines focuses on three areas: initial diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis with drug-resistance detection, initial diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis without drug-resistant detection, and follow-on diagnostic tests for detection of additional drug-resistance after tuberculosis confirmation. In addition, this current guidelines include for the first time a chapter on targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS) tests for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in people with diagnosed tuberculosis with or without rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The author now introduces the compilation and key points of the third edition of the guidelines in order to promote the implementation and dissemination of these guidelines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of Evidence and research gaps identified during development of policy guidelines for tuberculosis (Second edition): tuberculosis related comorbidity Liu Guizhen, Deng Guofang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (6): 618-624.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240076 Abstract （617）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1030KB）（907）       Knowledge map    Save Addressing comorbidities and associated risk factors in patients with tuberculosis is crucial for eradicating the disease. In 2023, the World Health Organization released the second edition of Evidence and research gaps identified during development of policy guidelines for tuberculosis, which highlights the principal research gaps in tuberculosis-related comorbidities, notably in Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV co-infection, nutritional support and care, and among populations of injecting drug users. In this article, the author interprets these identified research gaps and summarizes China’s current research advancements in these areas, providing insights for professionals engaged in related fields. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis Chen Liyao, Peng Xiao, Liu Yuanyuan, Shi Jin, Guo Yongli, Lu Jie Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1227-1232.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250143 Abstract （292）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （951KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Save Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, closely associated with macrophage death and host-pathogen interactions, playing a significant role in tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This review systematically described the definition and core characteristics of ferroptosis and conducted an in-depth analysis of its molecular regulatory mechanisms, and the key signaling pathways. Furthermore, it outlined the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis associated with MTB-host interactions, systematically summarized ferroptosis-related biomarkers for TB diagnosis and treatment, and explored the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in TB therapeutic. This study offers new perspectives for understanding TB pathogenesis and provides an important theoretical foundation and innovative insights for developing precision-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on nursing practice for nutritional management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients The Nursing Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University Dw Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (5): 495-501.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240071 Abstract （700）   HTML （52）    PDF（pc） （1673KB）（897）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of nutritional risk in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis ranges from 38.5% to 86.1%. If the nutritional risk is not corrected in time, it is easy to develop nutrition-related diseases, such as malnutrition, drug-induced liver injury, immune dysfunction, lung infections, etc., which increases the risk of failure in the anti-tuberculosis treatment. Nutrition management is one of the most important auxiliary methods in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, however, there are still some related problems, such as lack of nutrition knowledge among nursing staff, unclear nutrition assessment standards and imperfect management procedures. Therefore, it is of great significance to standardize nutrition care for tuberculosis. The Nursing Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association and Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University jointly organized experts to formulate the Expert consensus on nursing practice for nutritional management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients based on clinical practice, literature analysis, combined with the work experience of experts in the field of tuberculosis, aiming at providing guidance for clinical nurses to implement nutrition management, and standardizing the nutrition management nursing practice of hospitalized adult tuberculosis patients in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the status, problems and countermeasures of tuberculosis control service system in China Liu Qiao, Li Zhongqi, Zhu Limei, Lu Wei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 559-568.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240544 Abstract （1112）   HTML （59）    PDF（pc） （1360KB）（856）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis control service system is the main body of implementing tuberculosis control program. Since the 21st century, China has been trying to establish a “Trinity” tuberculosis prevention and control mode in which designated tuberculosis hospitals are mainly responsible for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for planning, managing and evaluating the prevention and control work, and primary medical and health institutions for following-up and managing tuberculosis patients during their treatment process. Currently, the construction of the “Trinity” tuberculosis prevention and control service system in China has achieved good results. However, there are still some problems remained, such as insufficient government leadership, insufficient system capacity building, lack of funding, and poor interdepartmental coordination. This study aims to analyse current operation situation of the tuberculosis prevention and control service system in China, identify problems and put forward suggestions, so as to further optimize the tuberculosis prevention and control service system and improve the quality of tuberculosis prevention and control work in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 216-218.   Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （1019KB）（832）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on all-oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medlical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (7): 830-839.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250087 Abstract （693）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （1182KB）（805）       Knowledge map    Save The World Health Organization (WHO) Treatment Guidelines for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2016 Update) recommend an entirely oral treatment regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Previous studies have shown that compared to injection-containing or longer-course treatment regimens, short-course oral treatment regimens can achieve better medication safety, tolerability, and treatment adherence, while maintaining treatment success rates. In the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2022 Update), a 6-month short-course treatment regimen for DR-TB (6BPaLM; where B: bedaquiline, Pa: pretomanid, L: linezolid, M: moxifloxacin) was proposed, marking the dawn of an era of entirely oral short-course treatment for DR-TB. In June 2024, the WHO issued a rapid communication on new treatment regimens for DR-TB, which are more aligned with the actual situation in China compared to previously recommended short-course oral regimens. To develop a fully oral DR-TB treatment regimen tailored to China’s context, the Chinese Antituberculosis Association took the lead in collaborating with Beijing Chest Hospital/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute affiliated to Capital Medical University and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis to organize experts in the field to draft the Expert consensus on all-oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Based on recent domestic and international research progress on entirely oral regimens for DR-TB, this consensus recommends a short-course, entirely oral treatment regimen suitable for China’s national conditions and identifies the appropriate patient populations. It also provides consensus opinions on precautions for using entirely oral treatment regimens and the management of adverse reactions. It is hoped that the publication of this consensus will provide technical guidance for the comprehensive application of short-course treatment regimens for DR-TB in China, thereby further improving the treatment success rates for DR-TB patients in the country. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development process of setting of critical concentrations for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Song Yuanyuan, Xia Hui, Zhao Yanlin Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 631-638.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230153 Abstract （806）   HTML （52）    PDF（pc） （1102KB）（767）       Knowledge map    Save Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a crucial method for detecting drug resistance. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of certain drugs are sub-optimal with critical concentration being one of the key factors affecting results. This article provides a systematic summary and introduction on establishing and revising critical concentrations for anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing, and offered valuable guidance to laboratory technicians and clinicians for accurately interpreting drug susceptibility testing methods and results, as well as to facilitate critical concentration research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on blood transcriptomic biomarkers in the diagnosis of tuberculosis Bei Cheng, Li Meng, Gao Qian Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (8): 801-807.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230182 Abstract （620）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （803KB）（765）       Knowledge map    Save Development of convenient, rapid and accurate tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic assays is an important part of ending TB. Current detection assays have drawbacks such as difficulties in sputum collection, which are expected to be overcome by methods based on blood transcripomic biomarkers. We conducted a review about the progress, limitations, and prospects of blood-based transcripomic biomarkers in the diagnosis of TB. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, and advances in grading criteria for tubercular uveitis Lai Xiaoyu, Duan Hongfei, Chen Xunxun, Guo Huixin, Liao Qinghua, Chen Qian, Liang Dan Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1204-1211.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250196 Abstract （770）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （1030KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Save Tubercular uveitis (TBU) is a prevalent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounts for 0.2% to 32% of uveitis globally and approximately 0.7%-4% in China. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment of TBU can lead to favorable outcomes. However, due to the lack of reliable diagnostic methods, high clinical heterogeneity, and significant diagnostic delays (averaging 11 months), the actual incidence of TBU is likely underestimated. Hence, this article provides a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, classification, diagnostic criteria, and recent advances in immunological, molecular biological, and pathological diagnostic methods for TBU. By integrating evidence from recent studies, this article aims to assist tuberculosis specialists, pulmonologists, and ophthalmologists in promoting the early and standardized diagnosis of TBU. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evidence-based guidelines for application of digital adherence technology in tuberculosis medication management in China Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, The Youth Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 385-397.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250042 Abstract （371）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （2109KB）（747）       Knowledge map    Save Timely identification of active tuberculosis (TB) patients and individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), followed by targeted treatment, constitutes a critical strategy for TB epidemic control. Digital adherence technology (DAT) utilizes digital tools to assist healthcare providers in monitoring and promoting medication compliance among TB patients and those undergoing preventive treatment, thereby enhancing therapeutic adherence. This guideline systematically summarized the characteristics and practical evidence of DAT currently implemented in China’s TB prevention and control efforts, including video-observed therapy, electronic medication monitors, mobile applications, and SMS reminders. It further proposes recommendations for the application of DAT in supporting anti-TB treatment and TB preventive therapy, aiming to offer evidence-based guidance for the optimization and refinement of TB medication management strategies using DAT across various regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anniversary Commemorative Section The imprint of tuberculosis prevention and control history in Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Wang Lixia, Jiang Shiwen, Liu Yuhong, Zhu Xiaoli Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1123-1140.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240380 Abstract （373）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （1586KB）（743）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Baseline survey and analysis of tuberculosis care pilot programme Wang Yunxia, Meng Qinglin, Liu Eryong, Zhou Lin Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (3): 325-332.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230359 Abstract （436）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （812KB）（741）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To analyze the tuberculosis prevention and control status of the first 40 pilot counties of the tuberculosis care action project before implementation, and provide baseline data for the implementation effect evaluation. Methods: From April to June 2023, the National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention of China CDC issued a unified semi-structured electronic questionnaire to 40 pilot counties from 15 provinces which were the first batch to implement the “Tuberculosis Care Action Pilot Project”(hereinafter referred to as the “pilot project”), to understand and analyze the service capacity of tuberculosis designated medical institutions, and implementation of measures such as humanistic care for tuberculosis patients and screening for tuberculosis key populations in pilot counties before the start of the pilot project (in 2022). Results: Among the 40 pilot counties, tuberculosis designated medical institutions were mainly composed of comprehensive hospitals (23 (57.50%)), followed by specialized hospitals (8 (20.00%)) and centers for disease control and prevention (6 (15.00%)). There were total 1017 tuberculosis prevention and control personnel in designated medical institutions of 40 counties (with a median of 19.5 (12.5, 34.0) each, range 3 to 64), mainly composed of outpatient and resident doctors (326 (32.05%)), followed by nursing personnel (225 (22.12%)), imaging doctors and laboratory personnel (187 (18.39%) and 134 (13.18%) respectively). A total of 10123 tuberculosis patients were reported, including 9980 patients (98.59%) of pulmonary tuberculosis (including 6326 (63.39%) etiology positive patients) and 143 patients (1.41%) of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The proportion of etiology negative pulmonary tuberculosis meeting clinical diagnosis standard was 85.69% (629/734) overall, however, the proportion of etiology negative tracheobronchial tuberculosis meeting clinical diagnosis standard was only 17.86% (5/28). Forty pilot counties all conducted acid fast bacterial smear microscopy and PPD tests. Among them, 39 (97.50%), 37 (92.50%), and 32 (80.00%) counties conducted Mycobacterium culture, Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleic acid testing, and anti tuberculosis drug resistance screening, respectively. However, only 16 (40.00%) and 19 (47.50%) pilot counties conducted Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein test and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), respectively. Thirty-nine (97.50%), 31 (77.50%), 14 (35.00%), and 23 (57.50%) counties carried out X-ray photography, CT examination, artificial intelligence film reading technology, and remote diagnosis, respectively. Seventeen (42.50%) counties applied information technology to manage patients, and 15 (37.50%) counties provided transportation or nutrition subsidies for patients. Only less than 30% counties could provide service such as nutrition assessments, nutrition supportive treatments, and psychological support for tuberculosis patients; tuberculosis was included in the outpatient special diseases list in 36 (90.00%) counties, and drug-resistant tuberculosis was included in the major disease security list in 26 (65.00%) counties; and 26 counties (65.00%) provided reimbursement for tuberculosis molecular biological testing. The overall screening rate of chest imaging of HIV/AIDS patients and close contacts of tuberculosis patients were high (96.06% (17105/17807) and 92.81% (46884/50515) respectively), but the overall screening rate for elderly people aged 65 and above and diabetes patients was low (13.48% (377436/2800877) and 12.27% (93808/764416) respectively). The implementation rate of tuberculosis screening for freshmen in school among pilot counties was not high (60.00% (24/40)-80.00% (32/40)), and that for nurseries and welfare institutions was also low (20.69% (6/29) and 25.00% (8/32) respectively). Conclusion: All pilot counties have already had the basic hardware conditions required for tuberculosis diagnosis before the pilot project, but they still need to be further improved in the diagnosis ability of etiology negative pulmonary tuberculosis, the application of information management methods, the implementation of patient humanistic care measures and medical insurance policies, and the screening quality of tuberculosis key populations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro inhibitory and intracellular bactericidal activity of omadacycline against Mycobacterium abscessus Ma Shiran, Chen Suting, Huang Hairong, Duan Hongfei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (12): 1442-1447.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240274 Abstract （394）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （789KB）（738）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities of omadacycline against Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) and provide insights into optimizing drug combinations for the treatment of MAB infections. Methods: A total of 58 clinical isolates of MAB, obtained from patients at the Beijing Chest Hospital between 2015 and 2016, as well as a reference strain (ATCC 19977), were included in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of omadacycline against the reference strain were measured using microdilution, alongside determining the MIC90 for the clinical isolates. The checkerboard assay was employed to evaluate the effects of drug combinations on the reference strain, while intracellular bactericidal activity was assessed to measure the drugs’ efficacy against intracellular bacteria. Results: Omadacycline demonstrated MIC of 0.5 μg/ml and MBC of 4 μg/ml against the reference strain, with MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml for the clinical isolates. Synergistic effects were observed when omadacycline was combined with clarithromycin, linezolid, and bedaquiline, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) of 0.250, 0.375, and 0.375, respectively. Additive effects were noted when combined with clofazimine, azithromycin, and rifabutin, with FICIs of 0.750, 0.625 and 0.560. The combination of omadacycline and bedaquiline produced the most substantial reduction in MBC, decreasing from 4 μg/ml to 0.05 μg/ml, representing a 98.75% reduction compared to omadacycline monotherapy. For intracellular bacteria, the combination of omadacycline and azithromycin demonstrated the most pronounced bactericidal effect at 24 hours, reducing the bacterial count from (7.02±0.06) log10 CFU to (5.36±0.10) log10 CFU (t=3.241, P<0.001). At 48 hours, the combination of omadacycline and clofazimine reduced the intracellular bacterial load from (7.36±0.10) log10 CFU to (5.33±0.35) log10 CFU (t=8.265, P=0.004). Similarly, the combination of omadacycline and imipenem resulted in a reduction of intracellular bacteria from (6.87±0.15) log10 CFU to (5.10±0.17) log10 CFU (t=13.190, P<0.001). The combination of omadacycline and linezolid reduced the intracellular bacterial count from (6.95±0.05) log10 CFU to (5.26±0.24) log10 CFU (t=11.920, P=0.005). Similarly, the combination of omadacycline and rifabutin lowered the intracellular bacterial load from (6.98±0.07) log10 CFU to (5.65±0.16) log10 CFU (t=13.440, P=0.001). Conclusion: Omadacycline combined with other drugs demonstrates significant inhibitory and bactericidal activity against MAB. These findings suggest that omadacycline holds promise as a therapeutic option for treating MAB infections. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on economic burden of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis Wang Boning, Li Tao, Chen Wei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (6): 607-612.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230018 Abstract （813）   HTML （54）    PDF（pc） （1005KB）（727）       Knowledge map    Save While the global tuberculosis epidemic has shown a decline trend in recent years, the economic burden induced by drug-resistant tuberculosis has increased. The reason is that the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis is expensive, the course of the disease is prolonged, and the side effects of treatment are serious. The authors reviewed the economic burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis and revealed the current research status of the economic burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis and its influencing factors to provide a reference for subsequent researches and medical insurance policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 32-34.   Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （1069KB）（717）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of post-tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis Qin Lili, Yang Chengqing, Mai Hongzhen, Xu Qifeng, Xue Xinying, Lu Xiwei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 498-504.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240527 Abstract （275）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （785KB）（708）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from infectious diseases globally. Increasing recognition has been given to the long-term consequences of post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), which profoundly affect patients’ physical health, psychological well-being, and socioeconomic stability. Among these sequelae, post-tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (PTLD-CPA) is a persistent Aspergillus infection that arises during or after TB treatment. The substantial overlap in clinical manifestations and radiological features between CPA and TB frequently leads to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment, further exacerbating disease progression and associated morbidity. This underscores the critical need for early screening and timely intervention for Aspergillus infection. This review consolidates current evidence on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and screening protocols for PTLD-CPA. By delineating key priorities for prevention and disease management, we propose a comprehensive, life-cycle-based health management framework for TB, integrating early detection, targeted therapeutic interventions, and long-term surveillance to mitigate the enduring burden of PTLD-CPA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 198-200.   Abstract （156）      PDF（pc） （1022KB）（706）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses on the role and mechanism of calcium-binding protein S100A12 and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in lung injury of severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients Song Yunlin, Buzukela Abuduaini, Wang Guirong, Zhang Jiyuan, Lu Xiaobo Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 513-519.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240445 Abstract （255）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （788KB）（696）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence and mortality rates of severe pulmonary tuberculosis remain persistently high. However, the disease face significant diagnostic challenges due to the lack of specificity in clinical signs and symptoms during the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, the therapeutic of severe tuberculosis has become being complicated due to multiple factors, such as drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, and adverse drug reactions, all of which together pose new challenges for tuberculosis prevention and control. The pathogenesis of severe tuberculosis involves a complex interaction between the host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet the mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent studies indicate that calcium-binding protein S100A12 (hereafter “S100A12”) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are essential in developing severe tuberculosis. S100A12 drives the formation of NETs, and serve as a key protein mediating the physiopathological effects of NETs. S100A12 contributes to the mechanism of lung function injury in severe tuberculosis patients through regulation the release of immune cells, inflammatory cytokine release, and their interaction. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of S100A12 and NETs in severe tuberculosis pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Given this, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress on S100A12 and NETs in severe tuberculosis and their potential molecular mechanisms to provide a new scientific basis and innovative insights for exploring therapeutic strategies for severe tuberculosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening strategy in zero tuberculosis community project Cheng Jun, Zhao Yanlin Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (6): 605-612.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230435 Abstract （592）   HTML （55）    PDF（pc） （1193KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save Active case finding and tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment are core elements of zero tuberculosis community project, and a feasible screening strategy based on local TB epidemic and practice will be benefit to find out TB patients/subclinical TB patients and high risk populations. Based on reviewing both the World Health Organization guidelines on active case finding and management of latent TB infection and evidence-based guidelines for screening suggested by domestic scholars, authors suggest that high risk populations in community, peoples living or working in key places, and patients visiting hospitals should be screened for TB in zero tuberculosis community project sites. The specific screening strategy for every kind of target population and the following categorical intervention have been provided by the authors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics