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Expert consensus on off-label use of drugs for non-tuberculous mycobacteria Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Branch of the Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2020, 42 (8): 769-787.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.08.002 Abstract （1597）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （1445KB）（5480）       Knowledge map    Save For the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease drugs or no indication, or over-treatment, over-dose, etc. The Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Branch of the Chinese Antituberculosis Association organized relevant experts on treatment drugs such as macrolides, rifamycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, tetracyclines, linezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other drugs for non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease to reach a consensus, looking forward to providing guidance to clinicians. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The fifth national tuberculosis epidemiological survey in 2010 Technical Guidance Group of the Fifth National TB Epidemiological Survey；The Office of the Fifth National TB Epidemiological Survey Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2012, 34 (8): 485-508.   Abstract （10616）      PDF（pc） （3293KB）（74063）       Knowledge map    Save This survey aims to understand the prevalence status and trend of tuberculosis (TB) in China, and evaluate the implementation of National TB Control Programme (2001—2010). Multi-stage stratified cluster proportional random sampling method was used to select the survey population. People over 15 years old in sampled survey points were administered chest X-ray, those with suspected pulmonary TB symptoms or with suspected pulmonary TB lesion shown by X-ray were performed sputum smear and culture examination. All the bacterial strain obtained were performed drug susceptibility testing of anti-TB drugs. All active TB patients detected by this survey received the socio-economic and TB knowledge awareness questionnaire. This survey has following findings. First, the prevalence of active and smear positive was 459/100 000 and 66/100 000 respectively among population over 15 years old in 2010. Secondly, the prevalence in male was higher than in female, and gradually increase by age, peaked in 75-79 years old. Thirdly, the active and smear positive prevalence of pulmonary TB were 291/100 000 and 44/100 000 in eastern part of China, 463/100 000 and 60/100 000 in the middle part, 695/100 000 and 105/100 000 in western part, 569/100 000 and 78/100 000 in rural area, 307/100 000 and 49/100 000 in cities respectively. Fourth, the multi-drug resistance TB rate was 6.8% (19/280). Fifth, the general pulblic TB knowledge awareness rate was 57.0% (720 912/1 264 905). The sixth, the annual per capital net income of TB patient household was 3292 yuan, of those 66.8% of patients lower than 60% of nationwide per capita income. In compariton with the survey in 2000, the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB showed a downward trend among people over 15 years old, as well as in different age group and gender. However, the prevalence in rural area was higher than in cities, and western part also significantly higher than the middle and eastern parts. These findings indicated that although the TB prevalence has dropped, the TB burden especially for the multi-drug resistant TB is still very serious. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on characteristic of drug resistance-associated gene mutations and the correlation with genotypes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Zhejiang Province Wu Kunyang, Lu Yewei, Zhang Mingwu, Zhu Yelei, Li Xiangchen, Pan Junhang, Wang Xiaomeng, Wang Wei, Jiang Minmin, Peng Xiaojun, Wang Weixin, Gao Junshun, Liu Zhengwei Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (11): 1126-1134.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220224 Abstract （851）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （849KB）（3449）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the drug resistance analysis and detection performance of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the characteristic of drug resistance-associated gene mutations and its correlation with genotypes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates in Zhejiang Province. Methods: WGS analysis of 14 drugs was performed on 808 MTB strains collected from the fifth tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance project in Zhejiang Province from 2018 and 2019. MTB genotypes and drug resistance-related gene mutations were identified, meanwhile, their relationship and the consistency of WGS drug susceptibility test results and phenotypic drug susceptibility test results of isoniazid were analyzed. Results: Of the 808 MTB strains, 153 were identified with drug-resistant gene mutations related to 11 anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, ethionamide, para-aminosalicylic acid) and the overall mutation rate was 18.9%. The major drug resistance-associated gene mutation types were katG-315-S/T (isoniazid, 60.0% (45/75)), rpoB-450-S/L (rifampicin, 57.1% (16/28)), embB-306-M/V (ethambutol, 43.8% (7/16)), rpsL-43-K/R (streptomycin, 65.5% (36/55)), gyrA-94-D/G (fluoroquinolones, 36.6% (15/41)), rrs-1402-C/A (amikacin, 3/3), rrs-1402-C/A (kanamycin, 3/4), rrs-1402-C/A (capreomycin, 3/3), inhA-15-C/T (ethionamide, 65.0% (13/20)) and thyA-75-H/N (para-aminosalicylic acid, 7/8). Drug resistance-associated mutations on rpsL gene were detected only in Beijing genotype strains (6.8% (40/586) vs. 0.0% (0/222), χ2=15.943, P=0.000). The mutation rate of katG-315 was higher in Beijing genotype strains (6.8% (40/586)) than non-Beijing genotype strains (3.2% (7/222)) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.964, P=0.046). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, consistency rate and Kappa value of the WGS drug resistance profiling method for isoniazid were 87.5% (49/56), 98.0% (680/694), 77.8% (49/63), 99.0% (680/687), 97.2% (729/750) and 0.808, respectively. Conclusion: The major drug resistance-associated gene mutations of 11 drugs were on katG, rpoB, embB, pncA, rpsL, gyrA, rrs, thyA and inhA among Zhejiang Province MTB strains. Mutations on rpsL, katG-315 and rpsL-43 were related with Beijing genotypes. The WGS drug resistance profiling method has comprehensive detection performance for isoniazid, but the performance of some drug-resistant gene mutations is poor. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease/Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1105-1125.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250276 Abstract （499）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （5072KB）（1264）       Knowledge map    Save Comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer refers to the condition where the same patient is affected by both pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer either simultaneously or sequentially. The occurrence of such comorbidity increases the difficulty in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, easily resulting in missed diagnoses, misdiagnoses, and delayed treatment. There exist complex interactions between lung cancer chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and anti-tuberculosis drugs, which not only impair the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor treatments but also significantly elevate adverse drug reactions. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop standardized diagnosis and treatment consensus through multidisciplinary collaboration to guide clinical practice. The Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association and the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases/Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, in collaboration with Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute and other institutions, have jointly developed the Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. This consensus elaborates on the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis-lung cancer comorbidity. It also addresses the screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection. Special emphasis is placed on key clinical challenges, such as drug-drug interactions, optimization of treatment regimens, and the appropriate timing of surgery and radiotherapy. The consensus provides 22 specific recommendations to support standardized and evidence-based clinical decision-making. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on molecular biology diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (8): 961-975.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250225 Abstract （617）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （1412KB）（1693）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease has been on the rise. Traditional methods such as acid-fast bacilli staining and mycobacterial culture suffer from limitations including low sensitivity, being time-consuming, and inability to identify specific species. In contrast, molecular biology detection technologies have demonstrated unique advantages and great application prospects in the diagnosis of NTM diseases and precise species identification. However, there is lack of systematic and comprehensive guideline for the molecular diagnosis of NTM disease in China. In order to standardize the clinical application of molecular diagnostic techniques for NTM diseases and enhance the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of medical professionals, the Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association organized a writing group composed of domestic experts in the fields of NTM diseases, infectious diseases, microbiology, and methodology. Through systematic literature reviews, multiple rounds of online and offline discussions, and questionnaire surveys, the group evaluated the respective merits, limitations, and implementation status of current molecular detection technologies, discussed key issues in molecular diagnosis of NTM diseases, and ultimately formulated this consensus after iterative revisions through multiple consensus conferences. Focusing on core issues such as molecular targets for NTM disease diagnosis, molecular biological diagnostic techniques, and standardized interpretation protocols, the consensus formulated 11 evidence-based recommendations. It systematically establishes a technical framework and clinical application pathway for molecular biological diagnosis of NTM diseases, addressing core challenges like technical fragmentation and inconsistent interpretation standards. It provides actionable guidance for clinicians, clinical laboratories, and public health departments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2016, 38 (07): 521-523.   Abstract （698）      PDF（pc） （1043KB）（5048）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and application of whole genome sequencing data analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Li Xiangchen, Liu Zhengwei, Lu Yewei, Zhu Yelei, Zhang Mingwu, Jiang Jinqin, Peng Xiaojun, Wang Weixin, Gao Junshun, Wang Xiaomeng Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (11): 1193-1198.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220219 Abstract （835）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （827KB）（4600）       Knowledge map    Save Whole genome sequencing technology has been widely used in Mycobacterium tuberculosis research, including lineage identification, microevolution, drug resistance prediction, transmission monitoring and mixed infection detection, etc. Bioinformatics in genomics research runs through all stages from data processing, analysis and visualization, and plays a crucial role in the application of whole genome sequencing. Current mainstream bioinformatics software and platforms commonly used in the whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were mainly reviewed, and the newly developed bioinformatics methods in recent years from the aspects of availability, software selection and application were summarized, to provide a reference for researchers in the same field to improve the data analysis more conveniently and flexibly, and quickly select research tools. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis Chen Liyao, Peng Xiao, Liu Yuanyuan, Shi Jin, Guo Yongli, Lu Jie Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1227-1232.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250143 Abstract （292）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （951KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Save Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, closely associated with macrophage death and host-pathogen interactions, playing a significant role in tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This review systematically described the definition and core characteristics of ferroptosis and conducted an in-depth analysis of its molecular regulatory mechanisms, and the key signaling pathways. Furthermore, it outlined the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis associated with MTB-host interactions, systematically summarized ferroptosis-related biomarkers for TB diagnosis and treatment, and explored the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in TB therapeutic. This study offers new perspectives for understanding TB pathogenesis and provides an important theoretical foundation and innovative insights for developing precision-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S2): 480-483.   Abstract （332）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（2227）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Standardization Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Elderly Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (7): 813-829.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250231 Abstract （665）   HTML （83）    PDF（pc） （1442KB）（1498）       Knowledge map    Save Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection test is an essential method for identifying latent tuberculosis infection and clinically diagnosing tuberculosis. To better guide clinical practice, this consensus was jointly organized by the Tuberculosis Control Branch, Standardization Professional Branch and Elderly Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association. Based on domestic and international research progress and clinical practice experiences, and taking into account the specific situations in different scenarios, recommendations on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies are proposed. The consensus provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics and applications of various Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection tests and offers specific suggestions for the selection and application of detection technologies in different application scenarios, such as high-risk populations, key venue populations, and clinical tuberculosis diagnosis. In addition, the application of infection test results in tuberculosis treatment efficacy evaluation is discussed. This consensus aims to provide references for professionals related to tuberculosis prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment in medical and health institutions at all levels and types, in order to help achieve the goal of “ending the TB epidemic”. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (5): 546-558.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250058 Abstract （495）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （2323KB）（2009）       Knowledge map    Save Urological tuberculosis has an insidious onset and lacks specificity in clinical manifestations, which often leads to delayed diagnosis, resulting in decline in renal function or even end-stage renal failure. Treatment of urological tuberculosis includes systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with local therapy, surgical intervention, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, etc. The selection of appropriate treatment methods is essential to maximize the preservation of renal function and improve the prognosis of the patients. At present, there is a lack of relevant and reasonable guiding documents for the diagnosis and treatment program of urological tuberculosis in China. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis and improve the level of clinicians so that the patients can be cured early and damage to renal function can be reduced, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and Basic and Clinical Specialty Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized experts to formulate the “Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis”, based on the experience and methods of diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis in China, as well as the relevant research achievements in diagnosis and treatment abroad. This consensus integrates China’s diagnostic and therapeutic experience and methods with international research achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of urological tuberculosis. This consensus outlines the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological process, main clinical manifestations, and common examination methods of urological tuberculosis, puts forward the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis, and gives specific treatment suggestions on the program and indications for systemic anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, local treatment, and surgical intervention of this disease. It aims to provide clinicians with a scientific and practical reference for accurate diagnosis and rational treatment of the patients with urological tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease ZHANG Ya-nan, DUAN Hong-fei. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2017, 39 (10): 1126-1129.   Abstract （2093）      PDF（pc） （815KB）（2932）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease Kong Jiao, Chen Yuanyuan, Cai Qingshan, Zhao Yafang, Yu Yihang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (11): 1135-1140.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220298 Abstract （1020）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （864KB）（1310）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Methods: The data of 123 patients with suspected NTM-PD admitted to the Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively selected. According to the diagnostic criteria, 123 suspected NTM-PD patients were finally diagnosed as NTM-PD patients (NTM-PD group; n=74) and non-NTM-PD patients (non-NTM-PD group; n=49). All the patients underwent mNGS, PCR-fluorescence probe and mycobacterial culture in alveolar lavage fluid, sputum and lung tissue simultaneously. The sensitivity and specificity of the three methods were compared. Results: Based on the final clinical diagnosis, the sensitivities of mNGS, liquid culture and PCR fluorescence probe for NTM-PD detection were 83.8% (62/74), 78.4% (58/74) and 67.6% (50/74), respectively, the specificities were 65.3% (32/49), 91.8% (45/49) and 87.8% (43/49), respectively, the consistencies in diagnosis were 76.4% (94/123), 83.7% (103/123) and 75.6% (93/123), respectively, with Kappa values of 0.524, 0.647 and 0.521, respectively. Using liquid culture results as the standard, of mNGS and PCR fluorescence probe for NTM-PD detection, the sensitivities were 87.1% (54/62) and 75.8% (47/62), and specificities were 59.0% (36/61) and 85.2% (52/61), respectively, the consistencies in diagnosis were 73.2% (90/123) and 80.5% (99/123), and the Kappa values were 0.462 and 0.587, respectively. The strains of 74 NTM-PD patients were identified by mNGS and gene chip method, and the concordance rate of two detecting methods was 63.8% (37/58) with gene chip method as the standard for strain identification. Conclusion: For the diagnosis of NTM-PD, of mNGS detection, the sensitivity is high, it can directly identify the strains; however, the specificity is low, the specificity should be focused on improving, to better serve the clinic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the correlation between intestinal microbiota short chain fatty acids and pulmonary tuberculosis Zhang Xiaomeng, Li Min, Chai Yinghui, Zhou Jing, Lei Hong Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 699-706.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230079 Abstract （687）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （898KB）（3466）       Knowledge map    Save Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main metabolites of the gut microbiota, mainly including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and their branched chain fatty acids, and some salts. Research has shown that there is a significant direct correlation between SCFA and the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis leads to imbalance of gut microbiota, thereby reducing the abundance of SCFA, which affects the host immune system and the response of inflammatory factors; the disorder of host immune system and inflammatory factor will promote the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis.The author reviewed the correlation between SCFA and pulmonary tuberculosis, the possible regulatory mechanism between them, and whether it was possible to improve the abundance of SCFA in the body by regulating intestinal flora to achieve the purpose of treatment or adjuvant treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, and advances in grading criteria for tubercular uveitis Lai Xiaoyu, Duan Hongfei, Chen Xunxun, Guo Huixin, Liao Qinghua, Chen Qian, Liang Dan Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (9): 1204-1211.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250196 Abstract （770）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （1030KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Save Tubercular uveitis (TBU) is a prevalent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounts for 0.2% to 32% of uveitis globally and approximately 0.7%-4% in China. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment of TBU can lead to favorable outcomes. However, due to the lack of reliable diagnostic methods, high clinical heterogeneity, and significant diagnostic delays (averaging 11 months), the actual incidence of TBU is likely underestimated. Hence, this article provides a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, classification, diagnostic criteria, and recent advances in immunological, molecular biological, and pathological diagnostic methods for TBU. By integrating evidence from recent studies, this article aims to assist tuberculosis specialists, pulmonologists, and ophthalmologists in promoting the early and standardized diagnosis of TBU. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus of clinical application of the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Schools and Children Branch of the Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2020, 42 (8): 761-768.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.08.001 Abstract （4156）   HTML （121）    PDF（pc） （1555KB）（3498）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the countries with high burden of tuberculosis worldwide, China possesses a huge number of tuberculosis cases and latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI), which brings great challenges to the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Effective identification of tuberculosis and LTBI is of great significance to control the epidemic situation of tuberculosis. The diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, especially LTBI, depends on the immunological diagnostic method of tuberculosis infection. The current immunological detection methods of tuberculosis infection are mainly tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) and antigen-antibody detection. On the basis of the current three methods, we have developed new products and techniques for the diagnosis of LTBI and tuberculosis-recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) (the product name is the Chinese general name of the drug determined by the State Pharmacopoeia Commission, and “EC” refers to the recombinant fusion protein “Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigen target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10)”) (short for “EC”), featuring simple operation, high sensitivity and specificity. At present, phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical trials of EC have been completed. In the screening of 1559 healthy people in the phase Ⅲ clinical trial, it was found that the detection results of EC and IGRA had quite high specificity and consistency(88.77%). The clinical study of 791 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis showed that the detection results of EC, tuberculosis infected T lymphocyte spot test (T-SPOT.TB) and tuberculin pure protein derivative (TB-PPD) had good sensitivity and quite high consistency among them. In the study of 479 patients uninfected Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the negative coincidence rate of EC and T-SPOT.TB was high (reaching 88.20% and 93.17%). In the study of the effect of BCG vaccine on the test results, it was found that EC and T-SPOT.TB were basically not affected by BCG. In the clinical study of 394 patients diagnosed with non-tuberculous diseases, it was found that the negative coincidence rate of EC and T-SPOT.TB was quite high, and the consistency was good (87.21%). Based on the fact that EC is safe and effective in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, EC has passed the drug examination and approval of the State Drug Administration and is approved to be listed on the market. After extensively soliciting the opinions of experts in the fields of tuberculosis prevention and control, clinical and research and combining with the clinical trial results of EC, the expert consensus on the clinical application of EC has been formed on the basis of systematically summarizing the application characteristics of relevant technologies and methods. This consensus introduces the recommendations for the clinical application of EC, including the target users, method of application, the interpretation of the results, as well as the clinical significance and scope of use. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical practice guidelines for early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in general medical facilities National Center of Medical Quality Control for Respiratory Diseases , Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association , Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , China-Japan Friendship Hospital Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (2): 127-140.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230428 Abstract （1772）   HTML （116）    PDF（pc） （3712KB）（1603）       Knowledge map    Save The diagnosis delay of pulmonary tuberculosis not only results in aggravation and treatment challenges for patients but also leads to the continuously group spreading of tuberculosis. Early detection in general medical facilities, the main primary diagnosis healthcare contact for pulmonary tuberculosis patients, plays a crucial role in achieving the goal of “End tuberculosis strategy”. The National Center of Medical Quality Control for Respiratory Diseases, Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Tuberculosis Control Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, and China-Japan Friendship Hospital jointly organized experts to formulate the Clinical practice guidelines for early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in general medical facilities based on the results of China’s tuberculosis prevention practice and the relevant guidelines of the World Health Organization and supplement relevant research evidence at home and abroad. This guide systematically summarizes the characteristics of different diagnostic techniques for pulmonary tuberculosis and proposes tuberculosis screening strategies for different target populations seeking treatment in comprehensive medical institutions, providing evidence for improving and optimizing early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in national and regional comprehensive medical institutions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2013, 35 (4): 290-292.   Abstract （1206）      PDF（pc） （545KB）（104657）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the clinical application of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacteriosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Tuberculosis Control Branch of China Intrnational Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (6): 543-558.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230113 Abstract （904）   HTML （60）    PDF（pc） （3420KB）（1533）       Knowledge map    Save Nucleic acid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique has been increasingly applied in the etiology and drug resistance diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, providing a rapid and accurate basis for early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and drug resistance identification. However, it needs to be normalized that the clinician’s understanding and grasp of sample selection, retention, submitting time and precautions, and interpretation of report results. This consensus summarizes the clinical indications and specimen collection precautions of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS detection technique for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, and introduces how to correctly interpret the reported results of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique used to mycobacterial species and drug resistance. It has important significance to further standardize the clinical application of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, improve the level of clinical diagnosis, and guide the early accurate and effective clinical treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on TCM syndrome differentiation, treatment principles, formulas, and herbs for latent tuberculosis infection Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Chinese Antituberculosis Association , Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2026, 48 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250421 Abstract （439）   HTML （53）    PDF（pc） （1314KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save The preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key link in the strategy to end the epidemic of tuberculosis. However, the preventive treatment of tuberculosis in modern medicine has many challenges, such as many adverse reactions and poor patient compliance. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in the preventive intervention of LTBI based on the concept of preventing diseases before they occur and the theory of suppressing pathogenic diseases, which is crucial for achieving precise diagnosis and treatment of LTBI. In order to clarify the TCM syndrome differentiation and classification of LTBI and the corresponding treatment and prescription, Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine of Chinese Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Antituberculosis Association, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis jointly organized domestic experts in various fields of tuberculosis, including experts in TCM theory, TCM clinic, epidemiology, and basic research, and wrote the Expert consensus on TCM syndrome differentiation, treatment principles, formulas, and herbs for latent tuberculosis infection (hereinafter referred to as the “Consensus”). This consensus system elaborates on the core elements of traditional Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and typing of LTBI, as well as the key points of syndrome differentiation for special populations. At the same time, the categories and key characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation were clarified, and corresponding treatment methods and prescriptions were recommended for each syndrome type, aiming to provide reference for the precise diagnosis and treatment of LTBI. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of inconsistency between genotypic and phenotypic results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampicin susceptibility test WANG Shao-hua, ZHAO Guo-lian, WANG Pei, TAN Xiao-wen, CUI Xiao-li, KANG Lei, DANG Li-yun Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (2): 169-173.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210445 Abstract （1901）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （750KB）（1554）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate the inconsistency between the fluorescent PCR probe melting curve method (“melting curve method”) and the microplate method in detecting the susceptibility of rifampicin, and to provide an explanation for the inconsistency between clinical genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptability test (pDST) results. Methods: We collected the data of 2562 culture positive tuberculosis patients in Xi’an Chest Hospital from August 2019 to September 2020 and screened out 1294 strains with different results using melting curve method and microplate pDST. The correlation between the inconsistent results and the mutation of rpoB gene were analyzed by sequencing the rpoB gene. Results: Among the 54 patients (4.17%, 54/1294) whose melting curve testing results were inconsistent with the pDST test results, 45 were melting curve method positive for mutants but pDST negative, and 8 were melting curve method negative for mutants but pDST positive. One case was detected as having heterogeneous drug resistance by melting curve method, thus was excluded from the analysis. When the rpoB gene was mutated at codons of 507-512, the inconsistency rate with the pDST results was the highest (70.59%, 24/34), and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the inconsistent strains tested with the microplate method were mostly ≤1 ug/ml. Leu511pro was the most frequently observed mutation, accounting for 45.28% (24/53), followed by Leu533pro, accounting for 15.09% (8/53) of all of the inconsistent strains. Both Asp516Tyr and His526Asn mutations accounted for 5.66% (3/53). All 8 strains that were melting curve method negative for mutants but pDST positive were sequenced as no mutation in the rpoB gene region. Conclusion: The mutations of Leu511Pro, Leu533Pro, Asp516Tyr and His526Asn in the rpoB region were the main reasons for the inconsistency between the genotypic and phenotypic results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to rifampicin, but whether it was related to the low-level drug resistance mechanism still need further research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on immune function assessment and immunotherapy in patients with active tuberculosis (2021 Edition) Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment/Institute for Tuberculosis Research of the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis , Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (1): 9-27.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210680 Abstract （1608）   HTML （90）    PDF（pc） （2035KB）（2955）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis is not only a bacterial infectious disease but also an immune disease. The occurrence, development, and prognosis of tuberculosis are closely related to the anti-tuberculosis immunity of the patients. Patients with active tuberculosis usually have abnormalities in the function of innate immune and adaptive immune. Detecting the number of immune cells and immune function can evaluate the immune status of active tuberculosis patients, to provide evidence for clinical immune intervention. The immune intervention using immune agents can enhance immunity function, improve the cure rate and shorten the course of treatment, eliminate the persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reduce the recurrence rate. Although the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis is widely used in the clinic, the mechanisms of anti-tuberculosis immunity and immune abnormality and their role in tuberculosis are not well understood and lack in-depth research. There is no consensus on the indication of immune function evaluation, the application of the evaluation index, and their clinical significance in active tuberculosis patients. In addition, the application of immune agents is limited by the policy, and there is also no consensus on immune intervention or not, the indication of immunotherapy and selection of immune agents for active tuberculosis patients. Therefore, the experts were organized to draw up “Expert consensus on immune function assessment and immunotherapy in patients with active tuberculosis (2021 Edition)” by the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. This expert consensus outlines the mechanism of anti-tuberculosis immunity and immune abnormality in tuberculosis patients; introduces the immunological detection methods commonly used in tuberculosis clinic practice; puts forward the indications, methods, and strategies for evaluating the immune status of active tuberculosis patients; systematically introduces the clinical immunotherapy preparations available in clinic practice, and puts forward the indications and contraindications of immunotherapy for active tuberculosis patients, to help clinicians timely and reasonably carry out the immunotherapy in the patients with active tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on nutritional assessment and nutritional support treatment for patients with severe tuberculosis CHEN Zhi, LIANG Jian-qin Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (5): 421-432.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220041 Abstract （1194）   HTML （59）    PDF（pc） （1328KB）（2484）       Knowledge map    Save There is a two-way relationship between tuberculosis and nutritional status, they are related to each other. Tuberculosis can lead to the occurrence of nutritional risk, and is easy to develop nutritional related diseases, such as lack of nutrition, low immune function, electrolyte imbalance and so on. And poor nutritional status can lead to lymphocytic reduction, low cellular immunity and susceptibility to tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis and mortality of adult patients with severe tuberculosis. However, the relevant guidance documents on nutritional assessment and nutritional support treatment for patients with severe tuberculosis is still lacking. Therefore, combined with the experience and methods of nutritional support therapy in China and the latest guidelines for enteral and parenteral nutrition in the United States and Europe, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis jointly organized experts to draw up Expert consensus on nutrition assessment and nutritional support treatment for patients with severe tuberculosis, in order to get standardized individual nutritional assessment and nutritional support treatment for patients with severe tuberculosis, and improve the prognosis and reduce mortality. This consensus expounds the importance of nutritional assessment and nutritional support treatment for patients with severe tuberculosis, the types of commonly used nutritional agents, and gives recommendations on the principles and standards of nutritional assessment and nutritional support treatment, the types and ways of giving nutrition, the types of severe tuberculosis, the complications and the nutritional support for special populations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis on 362 hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis Zhou Wenlin, Tian Jingfang Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2009, 31 (4): 192-194.   Abstract （1577）      PDF（pc） （3417KB）（1501）       Knowledge map    Save ObjectiveTo analyse clinical characteristics of hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the data of clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 362 patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis who hospitalized in our hospital from 1998 to 2007. ResultsMost patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis were young and they accounted for 62.0%. The elderly patients showed an upward tendency and they accounted for 21.0%. The fever accounted for 86.1% in clinical symptom. The respiratory symptom mainly included cough, fatigue, tachypnea, night sweat and chest pain. The symptoms of headache, nausea and vomiting would be seen patients complicated with tubercular meningitis. The time of clinical confirmed diagnosis: patients confirmed diagnosis within 30 days accounted for 50.3%, a few patients were diagnosed over four months. The rate of sputum bacilli positive was 37.8%,the positive reaction of PPD test 58.6%, the positive rate of serum antitubercular antibody 44.8%. The patients with acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 68.5%, the patients with subacute and chronic hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis 31.5%. Those patients with typical military nodes in X-ray accounted for 68.5%, the patients complicated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis 40.0%. The non-tuberculosis complication accounted for 68.2%. Antituberculosis treatment with 4 or 5 drugs and the treatment for non-tuberculosis complication were given at the same time.Except two deaths due to cerebral hernia, most patients were improved. ConclusionsHematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis is a kind of critical pulmonary tuberculosis with serious symptom, especially when complicated with tuberculosis in other viscera. The effective antituberculosis treatment should be given in time for those patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and extraplumoary tuberculosis. Treatment for non-tuberculosis complication is also performed properly. Adjuvant and supportive care including immunopotentiators maybe improve symptoms for these patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of clinical diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis case in new national diagnostic standard on pulmonary tuberculosis Meng-qiu GAO Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2018, 40 (3): 243-246.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.03.005 Abstract （2133）   HTML （61）    PDF（pc） （1074KB）（2804）       Knowledge map    Save Clinical diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), known as TB cases without pathogenic evidence. Because of lacking typical clinical symptoms, misdiagnosis is not rare in clinical practice. The newly released national standard on Diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis (WS 288-2017) sets up a new criteria for clinical diagnosed TB case with consideration of current new diagnostic tools. This paper aims to interpret the new national standard on clinical diagnosed TB case, and provide guidance to clinicians’ routine practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2021, 43 (8): 0-0.   Abstract （380）      PDF（pc） （156369KB）（789）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The change and significance of pulmonary function in patients with severe acute respiretory syndrome (SARS) WANG Wei,ZHOU Yi,CHEN Hong-bing,et al. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2003, 25 (5): 305-307.   Abstract （1420）      PDF（pc） （1865KB）（917）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the change of pulmonary function in patients with severe acute respiretory syndrome (SARS) in convalescence and evaluate the effect for pulmonary function in patients with SARS.Methods There were 10 patients in SARS group and 13 persons in control group, VC,FVC,FEV1.0%,V25%～50%,RV and DLCO were determined.Results The Results showed that VC,FVC and DLCO in patients with SARS were significantly lower than those in controls.Conclusion Pulmonary function in patients with SARS was damaged.Restrictive ventilation disturbance and diffusion disturbance may be characteristic manifast. Examined the pulmonary function of patients with SARS, may realize status of pulmonary function in patients in time. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An open-label randomized and multi-center clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Silibinin in preventing drug-induced liver injury Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2016, 38 (1): 23-31.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2016.01.007 Abstract （1305）      PDF（pc） （1621KB）（2649）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Tuberculosis Control Branch of China Intrnational Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (6): 531-542.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230120 Abstract （1031）   HTML （70）    PDF（pc） （1407KB）（1250）       Knowledge map    Save Superficial lymph node tuberculosis is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Due to the lack of specificity in its clinical symptoms, it is hard to differentiate it from non-tuberculous lymphadenitis, lymphoma, lymph node metastatic cancer, and other diseases. At present, there are many treatment methods for superficial lymphoid tuberculosis, mainly including systemic chemotherapy, local treatment, and integrated treatment with traditional Chinese and western medicine, while local treatment includes local injection of anti-tuberculosis drugs, ultrasonic drug penetration, and focal clearance and resection. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment scheme, it is better to choose appropriate treatment methods for specific types. How to select a reasonable treatment plan still lacks relevant guidance documents. Therefore, to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis, and improve the level of clinicians to enable the patients to recover early and reduce recurrence, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and the Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of the Tuberculosis Control Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized experts to combine the experience and methods of diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis in China, as well as research results related to diagnosis and treatment abroad, to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymph node tuberculosis. This consensus outlines the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiological characteristics and main clinical manifestations of superficial lymph node tuberculosis. It also introduces common examination methods, puts forward the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and prognosis, and gives treatment suggestions according to different clinical stages and pathological types, so that the clinicians can accurately diagnose and reasonably treat the patients with superficial lymph node tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the outcome of surgery combined with chemotherapy treating multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis Dou Xuejun,Gong Changfan,Yan Dongjie,et al. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2007, 29 (4): 336-338.   Abstract （1543）      PDF（pc） （1975KB）（1075）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The outcome of chemotherapy treatment in treating multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis(MDR-TB) is not satisfied,thus the study is to explore the feasibility of surgery combined with chemotherapy in treating MDR-TB.Methods A retrospective review was performed in 48 MDR-TB patients who had surgery combined with chemotherapy from April,1995 to March,2005.36 patients(75%) had cavitary lesions,16 patients(33.3%)had bilateral lesions.All patients received pulmonary resection,consisting of lobectomy(n=28),pneumonectomy(n=15),pleuropneumonectomy(n=3),segmentectomy(n=1),wedge resection(1).Results Mortality was 2.1%(n=1) after surgery.Postoperative complications occurred in 8 patients(16.7%).The follow up was ranged from 6 to 90 months.Sputum conversion rate was 83.3%.Conclusion Pulmonary resection combined with chemotherapy achieves high cure rates with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The results of drug susceptibility test in 1819 non-tuberculosis mycobacterial strains WU Long-zhang,TAN Shou-yong,TAN Yao-ju,YANG Jian-liang, PAN Mei-yu,CHEN Jian-feng,ZENG Shao-fang,LIU Yan-wen Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2012, 34 (12): 821-824.   Abstract （1658）      PDF（pc） （838KB）（1629）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To analyze drug sensitivity of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) in Guangzhou, to provide reliable scientific basis for the clinical treatment.  Methods  14 095 mycobacterial isolates were identified by traditional mycobacterial species identification method. 1819 NTM isolates were determined their sensitivity to 13 first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (including INH, RFP, S, EMB, Am, Clr, Lfx, Mfx, CIP, Depasic, Rfb, Pto, Cm).  Results  Of 1819 NTM isolates, the INH and depasic resistant rates reached 96.15%（1749/1819）and 95.41%（1248/1308）, other drug-resistant rates were 76.25% (1387/1819) (S), 73.94% (817/1105) (Pto), 72.94% (954/1308) (Lfx),72.51% (1319/1819) (RFP),70.42% (1281/1819) (EMB),65.29% (854/1308) (Mfx),60.13% (543/903) (CIP),56.87% (236/415) (Rfb)and 50.50% (102/202) (Cm), respectively. While Clr- and Am-sensitive rates were 88.17%（1163/1319）and 67.73%（892/1317）, respectively.   Conclusion  NTM showed natural resistance to the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The macrolide Clr and Amino sugar glycoside have stronger bacteriostatic effect on NTM. NTM isolates need perform the drug sensitivity testing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of exhaled volatile organic compounds on the diagnosis of pulmonary infectious diseases WU Chao-ling, DENG Guo-fang, FU Liang, YUAN Xiao-liang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (5): 505-511.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210693 Abstract （762）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （888KB）（982）       Knowledge map    Save Current diagnostic methods for pulmonary infectious diseases are usually invasive and require specific laboratories and technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel non-invasive diagnostic tools. The detection method based on exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) has shown the potential as an alternative tool for traditional diagnostic and can be used to identify various pathogens quickly and in real time. VOC is derived from multiple endogenous metabolism processes in an organism, including lipid oxidation, carbohydrate, and fatty acids catabolism. Gaseous metabolites and decomposition products from these processes are transported through the circulatory system and be discharged quickly via the lungs. Therefore, they may become potential non-invasive metabolic biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring pulmonary infectious diseases. The principle and common techniques of VOC detection, the collection method, the research status and problems of VOC in pulmonary infectious diseases are reviewed, and the VOC analysis method based on exhalation is prospected in this paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The value of target management in improving the quality of sputum samples retention of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients Hua JIANG,Lin WANG,Ling-ling TANG,Xian-Lan ZENG Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2019, 41 (6): 676-680.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.06.015 Abstract （648）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （700KB）（838）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the application effect of target management in quality control of sputum specimens retention of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods A total of 338 initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected as subjects, who were hospitalized because of suspected tuberculosis and then were diagnosed and accepted the treatment in Tuberculosis Department of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from July 2017 to December 2017. They were divided into two groups: the observation group (N=165, patients hospitalized in the Ward 5 of Tuberculosis Department) and the control group (N=173, patients in the Ward 1). The patients in the control group received the routine nursing management in tuberculosis department, and the pro-paganda and education of sputum specimen retention. Meanwhile, sputum specimen retention and the standard inspections were supervised and inspected. In addition to these routine managements, patients in the observation group accepted other target management approaches for the sputum specimen retention, namely doctors, nurses and patients jointly involved and determined the overall target of sputum specimen retention, and decomposed the overall target into sub-targets, and finally reached the overall target by sub-target setting, target implementing, feedback processing, and implementation results checking. The completion rate, qualified rate and positive rate of Mycobacterium smear in sputum samples between the two groups were compared.Results In observation group, 502 sputum specimens were supposed to be retained, and 476 were actually remained, among them 432 were qualified and 312 were positive for Mycobacterium smear. In control group, 524 sputum specimens were supposed to be retained, and 431 were actually remained, among them, 307 were qualified and 172 were positive for Mycobacterium smear. In observation group, the completion rate of retention of sputum specimens was 94.82% (476/502), qualified rate was 90.76% (432/476), and positive rate of Mycobacterium smear was 72.22% (312/432). All of them were higher than that in control group (completion rate: 82.25% (431/524), qualified rate 71.23% (307/431), positive rate of Mycobacterium smear 56.03% (172/307)). The difference was statistically significant (χ 2 were 39.50, 57.15, 20.83, P<0.01).Conclusion Target management can improve the initiative of sputum sample retention, the quality and positive rate of sputum samples, and is beneficial to the early diagnosis of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of misdiagnosis of 14 patients with polymyositis (PM/DM) complicated by interstitial lung disease CAO Wen-li,MA Ying,XU Yu-hua,et al. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2002, 24 (3): 134-136.   Abstract （1669）      PDF（pc） （1930KB）（1060）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To know more about polymyositis (PM/DM) complicated by interstitical lung disease (ILD).Methods Clinical analysis of 14 patients with PM/DM complicated by inters titial lung disease (ILD).Results Male to female ration was 8∶6,averge age is 43.7,and average duration of misdiagnosis was 6.2 months,there were 22 patients misdiagnosed for respiratory system diseases and 21 patients for inflammation diseases.Conclusion Misdiagnoses are unusual between age and sex.The syndromes of ILD,which occur before those of PM/DM easily.limitations of acknowledge of PM/DM,the low specificity and sensitivity of examination.Biopsy through video-assistant thorascope (VATS) can increase the diagnoses of PM/DM with ILD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2016, 38 (12): 1021-1023.   Abstract （312）      PDF（pc） （1213KB）（1128）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on all-oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis Chinese Antituberculosis Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medlical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (7): 830-839.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250087 Abstract （693）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （1182KB）（805）       Knowledge map    Save The World Health Organization (WHO) Treatment Guidelines for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2016 Update) recommend an entirely oral treatment regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Previous studies have shown that compared to injection-containing or longer-course treatment regimens, short-course oral treatment regimens can achieve better medication safety, tolerability, and treatment adherence, while maintaining treatment success rates. In the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2022 Update), a 6-month short-course treatment regimen for DR-TB (6BPaLM; where B: bedaquiline, Pa: pretomanid, L: linezolid, M: moxifloxacin) was proposed, marking the dawn of an era of entirely oral short-course treatment for DR-TB. In June 2024, the WHO issued a rapid communication on new treatment regimens for DR-TB, which are more aligned with the actual situation in China compared to previously recommended short-course oral regimens. To develop a fully oral DR-TB treatment regimen tailored to China’s context, the Chinese Antituberculosis Association took the lead in collaborating with Beijing Chest Hospital/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute affiliated to Capital Medical University and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis to organize experts in the field to draft the Expert consensus on all-oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Based on recent domestic and international research progress on entirely oral regimens for DR-TB, this consensus recommends a short-course, entirely oral treatment regimen suitable for China’s national conditions and identifies the appropriate patient populations. It also provides consensus opinions on precautions for using entirely oral treatment regimens and the management of adverse reactions. It is hoped that the publication of this consensus will provide technical guidance for the comprehensive application of short-course treatment regimens for DR-TB in China, thereby further improving the treatment success rates for DR-TB patients in the country. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of daily average temperature on the incidence of tuberculosis in Shufu County at Xinjiang, based on a distributed lag nonlinear model Meiheriban·Maimaiti , Mawlanjan·Emam , Lu Dongmei, Zheng Yanling, Zhang Xueliang, Peng Xiaowang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (5): 507-513.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220488 Abstract （570）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1659KB）（773）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate the effect of temperature on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shufu County, Kashgar Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods: The number of reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shufu County, Kashgar Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 was sourced from the Chinese Infectious Disease Reporting System. Meteorological data for the same period in the region, including average daily temperature, average daily relative humidity, and average daily wind speed, were obtained from the China Meteorological Data Network. Spearman correlation analysis and distribution lag nonlinear model analysis were performed on the daily mean air temperature and daily incidence of tuberculosis cases to study the association effect of air temperature and daily incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shufu County. Results: From 2017 to 2021, a total of 5212 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Shufu County, including 2669 males and 2543 females; higher incidence in people aged ≥65 years old (3269 cases); the highest number of daily onset cases was 76; the median (quartile) of daily average temperature was 14.7 (2.30, 22.50) ℃. The Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the daily incidence of tuberculosis and the daily average temperature (correlation coefficient 0.070, P<0.01). The results of the distributed lagged nonlinear model analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between air temperature and pulmonary tuberculosis. The effect of low temperature (-4 ℃) on the daily risk of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the 36-64-year-old population was more pronounced, and the RR values showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with increasing lag time, reaching a maximum RR value at a lag of 28 d on the daily risk of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the 36-64-year-old population (RR (95%CI)=2.833 (1.581-5.078)). The effect of low temperature (-4 ℃) on the number of daily incidences of pulmonary tuberculosis in women was more pronounced, with a trend of decreasing and then increasing RR values as the lag time increased, also reaching a maximum RR value at a lag of 28 d on the risk of daily incidences of pulmonary tuberculosis in women (RR (95%CI)=2.377 (1.334-4.234)). Conclusion: Temperature was associated with the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the population in Shufu County, Kashgar Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence was increased in women and people aged 36-64 years in a low-temperature environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic analysis of 21 cases suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis related AIDS LI Bing xi1,WANG Lin, ZHOU Xin hua. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2003, 25 (1): 21-23.   Abstract （1501）      PDF（pc） （1994KB）（1129）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study clinic characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis related AIDS.Methods Retrospective analysis infection ways, clinic symptoms, examination and diagnosis, and treatment condition to 21 tuberculosis cases that were tuberculosis related HIV infection.Results 95.2% of which was youth-prime of life in 21 cases, scoped to 71.4% (15cases)by blood contact transmitted way and 42.9%(9cases) by sexual. 19%(4cases)by both .Clinic present continued fever (100%), cough (61.9%) and diarrhoea (33.3%) over one month. PPD test negative rate was 81.9%, lymphnode tumour 61.9%, Chest X-ray film showed military tuberculosis was 76.2%, lymphnode tuberculosis of out in pulmonary was 52.4%, fatality rate 61.9% in a year of half. Conclusions It is different that only pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis related AIDS. PPD test negative rate is higher, X-ray film is atypical , Disease situation is more complex, treatment result is no good, fatality rate is higher that pulmonary tuberculosis related AIDS than only pulmonary tuberculosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trends of tuberculosis incidence in Beijing ZHANG Li-xing,TU De-hua,AN Yan-sheng, et al. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2003, 25 (4): 204-208.   Abstract （1561）      PDF（pc） （3147KB）（989）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the evolutive trend of the sputum positive tuberculosis incidence in Beijing.Methods To summarize the evolutive trend and its main explanations through analyzing the epidemical characteristics of sputum positive tuberculosis incidence and tuberculous infection, the implement of DOTS strategy, and the relationship among them in Beijing in 1980—2002.Results The sputum positive tuberculosis incidence had dropped significantly in 1980—2002; and the incidence dropping resulted mainly from notable declining of the incidence in low age groups (30 below people); the tuberculous infection descending in low age groups had caused the incidence declining; by controlling the infection sources, DOTS strategy had significantly reduced the tuberculous infection and tuberculosis incidence in low age groups, but had little effect on the infected people.Conclusion The sputum positive tuberculosis incidence in Beijing wouldn’t decline notably in near future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dose adjustment of Immunosuppressants in anti-tuberculosis regimen containing rifampins (Report of three cases) Tao JIN Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2018, 40 (9): 1007-1011.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.09.020 Abstract （1121）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （1024KB）（1099）       Knowledge map    Save Patients who use immunosuppressants are more likely to be infected with tuberculosis than the general population. Rifampin can accelerate the metabolism of immunosuppressive agents (especially calcium phosphatase inhibitors and glucocorticoids) and decrease the serum concentration of immunosuppressants. This will course the aggravation or recurrence of the primary disease in some patients. It is suggested that the dosage of tacrolimus or ciclosporin should be adjusted to 1.5-3 times and glucocorticoid to 2 times of the original dose for keeping the effective blood concentration when the rifampicin(or rifapentine) be used for anti-tuberculosis treatment. Furthermore, the medicines mentioned above have to be adjusted to the initial measurement after going off rifampin (or rifapentine). Wuzhi tablet or wuzhi capsule as an adjuvant drug for anti-tuberculosis treatment, not only has an effect of protecting liver and ensure the efficacy and safety of standard treatment regimens including rifampicin, but also keep the plasma concentration of calcium phosphatase inhibitor and reduce the dose of immunosuppressant. Wuzhi tablet or wuzhi capsule has good economic efficiency.. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (S1): 50-55.   Abstract （882）      PDF（pc） （1015KB）（1533）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses on the role and mechanism of calcium-binding protein S100A12 and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in lung injury of severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients Song Yunlin, Buzukela Abuduaini, Wang Guirong, Zhang Jiyuan, Lu Xiaobo Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2025, 47 (4): 513-519.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240445 Abstract （255）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （788KB）（696）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence and mortality rates of severe pulmonary tuberculosis remain persistently high. However, the disease face significant diagnostic challenges due to the lack of specificity in clinical signs and symptoms during the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, the therapeutic of severe tuberculosis has become being complicated due to multiple factors, such as drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, and adverse drug reactions, all of which together pose new challenges for tuberculosis prevention and control. The pathogenesis of severe tuberculosis involves a complex interaction between the host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet the mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent studies indicate that calcium-binding protein S100A12 (hereafter “S100A12”) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are essential in developing severe tuberculosis. S100A12 drives the formation of NETs, and serve as a key protein mediating the physiopathological effects of NETs. S100A12 contributes to the mechanism of lung function injury in severe tuberculosis patients through regulation the release of immune cells, inflammatory cytokine release, and their interaction. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of S100A12 and NETs in severe tuberculosis pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Given this, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress on S100A12 and NETs in severe tuberculosis and their potential molecular mechanisms to provide a new scientific basis and innovative insights for exploring therapeutic strategies for severe tuberculosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yulin from 2017 to 2021 Cao Fu, Ma Xiaohong, Ma Tian, Luo Jian, Zhong Xinxin, Feng Junlan, Li Xiaojuan, Liang Zhengen, Zhang Qizhen Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2022, 44 (11): 1154-1161.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220254 Abstract （599）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （2459KB）（623）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To analyze the influence of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and the interaction of them in Yulin. Methods: The case data of 11251 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were collected, and the meteorological data of air pollutants and meteorological factors in Yulin were also collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between air pollutants and meteorological factors and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Bivariate response surface model and single pollutant-air temperature interaction model were used to analyze the interaction between air pollutants and air temperature on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yulin had obvious seasonal fluctuation from 2017 to 2021, and the peak was concentrated in spring (27.57%, 3102/11251) and summer (27.89%, 3138/11251). The incidence rates of males and farmers were higher (74.70% (8405/11251) and 87.74% (9872/11252), respectively). The daily concentrations (median (quartile)) of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 in Yulin from 2017 to 2021 were 27.00 (19.00, 41.00) μg/m3, 44.00 (32.00, 64.00) μg/m3, 13.00 (8.00, 21.00) μg/m3, 15.00 (12.00, 21.00) μg/m3, 0.82 (0.69, 0.99) mg/m3 and 53.00 (39.00, 69.00) μg/m3, respectively. The daily average temperature (median (quartile)) was 24.50 (19.00, 29.00) ℃. The average daily incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 6 cases (11251/1825). When high temperature (37.00 ℃) lasted for 0-4 days, the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yulin increased. Compared with the median of daily temperature (24.50 ℃, RR value was 1.00), the RR value was 1.20 when 37.00 ℃ lasted for 0-4 days. Low temperature (3.00 ℃) lasting for 0-2 days could also increase the incidence of tuberculosis in Yulin. Compared with the median of daily temperature (24.50 ℃, RR value was 1.00), the RR value of was 1.22 when 3.00 ℃ lasted for 0-2 days. At low temperature (3.00 ℃), PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and CO had a strong effect on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, while at high temperature (37.00 ℃), PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 had a weak effect on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: High or low temperature exposure can increase the risk of tuberculosis in Yulin, there is no synergistic effect between meteorological factors and air pollutants on the risk of tuberculosis in Yulin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features of erythema nodosum and its diagnostic value for tuberculosis YANG Song,YAN Xiao-feng Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2019, 41 (11): 1227-1230.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.11.015 Abstract （928）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （767KB）（1977）       Knowledge map    Save Erythema nodosum (EN) is a common sign in department of dermatology and can be seen in systemic multiple system diseases. The purpose of this article is to explore the clinical features of erythema nodosum and to evaluate its diagnostic value for active tuberculosis (TB). Clinically, erythema nodosum presents with a sudden onset of red, painful, subcutaneous soft nodules and plaques, mainly localized to the extension of calf. EN may be associated with a variety of conditions such as infection, medications, sarcoidosis, pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease, oral contraceptive, autoimmune disease, antibiotics, hormone response, lymphoma and other malignancy causes. The causes are unclear in around 50% of cases. It is well known that EN is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction induced by various stimulants. The clinical diagnosis for the atypical cases mainly depend on the biopsy or diagnostic treatment. Because of the complex etiology of EN, systemic diseases such as skin tuberculosis, leprosy, sarcoidosis and nodular arteritis need to be excluded. In the TB epidemic area, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) and active tuberculosis are closely related to EN. It is helpful to improve the EN symptoms, prevent EN relapse and control the active TB conditions through anti-tuberculous treatment in the patients who have active TB combined with EN and MTI with EN. EN can be associated with systemic multisystem diseases including tuberculosis, but further studies need to be done to reveal the underlying causes of EN. EN may be an early symptom of TB. It can be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of the patients who have MTI with EN or TB with EN by the combination of tuberculin skin test (TST), acid-fast bacillus (AFB) detection and imaging techniques or diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent advances in the source and biological function of bacterial DNA in extracellular vesicles Liu Dingyi, Sun Hong, Sheng Gang, Sun Zhaogang Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (7): 693-698.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230060 Abstract （860）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （736KB）（1226）       Knowledge map    Save Cells can release their own substances or metabolites outside the cell through extracellular vesicles, which is also known as EV (exosomes). As research progressed, it is discovered that bacteria can also produce exosomes that encapsulate many macromolecules (including proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA) and that bacterial exosomes are closely linked to a variety of biological activities, including bacterial survival and development, as well as bacterial-mediated intra- and inter-species interactions. Researchers have also found that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can produce exosomes containing DNA, and that bacterial exosomes DNA can perform biological functions such as mediating horizontal gene transfer, assisting in biofilm formation, and stimulating immunomodulatory mechanisms. In this paper, the production mode and biological functions of bacterial extracellular DNA have been elucidated, so that readers can have deeper understanding of bacterial exosomes DNA and promote further research and development of bacterial exosome DNA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2017, 39 (7): 728-731.   Abstract （365）      PDF（pc） （751KB）（1063）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of tuberculosis prevention and control in China and the legislative countermeasures Cao Yanlin, Jiang Shiwen, Jia Fei, Zhang Ke, Chen Mingting, Chen Wei, Li Xue, Yang Jian, Zhang Yi Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2023, 45 (3): 244-247.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220529 Abstract （766）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （1131KB）（781）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At present, the tuberculosis epidemic is still relatively serious in China, and there is a big gap between China’s status and the global target set by World Health Organization to end tuberculosis. In the new situation that rule by law has become basic strategy of governance in China, there is no special legislation on tuberculosis prevention and control at the national level. The existing legal policies have problems such as low legal rank, early legislative time and lagging legislative content. Based on the international and domestic experience, the author believes that it is necessary to promote the legalization of tuberculosis prevention and control. It also puts forward some suggestions on the key points that need to be solved by legislation in tuberculosis prevention and control and how to promote legislation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of the nursing intervention on treatment compliance of patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis Li-jun SONG,Lin ZHANG,Jing. ZHENG Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2018, 40 (1): 111-113.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.01.024 Abstract （981）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （742KB）（1471）       Knowledge map    Save The large scale of epidemic rising of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is bringing a great threat to human health and causing a heavy socioeconomic loss. It becomes one of the major threats to global TB control and makes that the TB prevention and control is facing a critical challenge. In order to provide more scientific evidences for strengthening the research on nursing of MDR-TB, we did this comprehensive literature review, including the epidemic situation of MDR-TB and its reasons, MDR-TB control strategy, as well as the researches on improving treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients with the effective nursing methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of national reported pulmonary tuberculosis incidence, 1997—2023 Song Yuanyuan, Li Tao, Xia Hui, Zhang Lijie, Zhang Hui, Zhao Yanlin, Wang Lixia Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis    2024, 46 (10): 1198-1208.   DOI: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240382 Abstract （1051）   HTML （126）    PDF（pc） （4332KB）（1309）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To systematically description and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China from 1997 to 2023, and to provide scientific evidences for development and improvement of TB prevention and control strategies in China. Methods: The incidence data of pulmonary TB from 1997 to 2023 were collected from the National Epidemic Data Collection, Disease Surveillance and Statistics Report, and Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System. The temporal and spatial trends of reported incidence of pulmonary TB in the whole country and various regions, the distribution characteristics of different gender, age and occupation group,and the positive rate of etiology in TB patients were analyzed. Results: From 1997 to 2023, a total of 21.9066 million pulmonary TB cases were reported in China, increasing from 418234 in 1997 to 1259308 in 2005, and then decreasing to 613091 in 2023. From 2005 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB showed an decreasing trend (AAPC=-4.78%, 95%CI: -5.44% to -4.13%, P<0.001), and the decline was slower in the western region (AAPC=-4.42%, 95%CI: -5.77% to -2.89%, P<0.001). From 1997 to 2023, the male-to-female ratio of reported TB cases in China was 2.22∶1, the proportion of children younger than 15 years showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-5.74%, 95%CI: -6.01% to -5.50%, P<0.001), and the proportion of elderly aged ≥65 years showed an increasing trend (AAPC=3.80%, 95%CI: 3.61% to 3.99%, P<0.001). The top five occupations reporting the number of cases were farmers, animal keepers and fishermen (61.50%,13421197/21822416), homemakers and unemployed persons (9.32%,2033078/21822416), workers (5.89%,1285335/21822416), students (5.44%,1186104/21822416) and retired persons (4.69%,1022406/21822416). The etiological positive rate of reported TB patients in 2023 was 67.08%(392569/585187). Conclusion: Since 1997, the reported incidence of pulmonary TB in China increased first and then decreased, reflecting the effect of effective TB prevention and control measures in different periods. In the future, different strategies should be implemented according to the epidemic characteristics of TB in different regions and populations, and the application of new technologies and measures should be promoted to accelerate the end of the TB epidemic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health    2019, 41 (9): 917-919.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.09.002 Abstract （508）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （1022KB）（801）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics