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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 459-467.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250413

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2012—2022年北京市海淀区肺结核流行特征及其与人口密度间的关联分析

刘曦1, 刘瑜泽2, 华伟玉1, 李婕1, 张颖1, 董彬3()   

  1. 1 北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科,北京 100094
    2 北京大学公共卫生学院,北京大学医学部,北京 100191
    3 北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京大学医学部,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-23 出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通信作者: 董彬,Email:bindong@bjmu.edu.cn

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among residents in Haidian District,Beijing from 2012 to 2022 and its correlation with population density

Liu Xi1, Liu Yuze2, Hua Weiyu1, Li Jie1, Zhang Ying1, Dong Bin3()   

  1. 1 Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Section,Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100094,China
    2 Peking University School of Public Health,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China
    3 Peking University School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China
  • Received:2025-10-23 Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Dong Bin,Email:bindong@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的:分析2012—2022年北京市海淀区居民肺结核发病趋势,以及肺结核发病率与人口密度的关系,为制定区域化肺结核疫情防控措施提供理论依据。方法:基于2012—2022年北京市海淀区肺结核患者传染病报告卡信息,计算肺结核粗发病率(CIR)和年龄标化发病率(ASIR);使用年估计变化百分比(EAPC)分析肺结核发病率变化趋势;采用分段线性回归模型(PLRM)分别评估肺结核发病率与流动人口密度和常住人口密度的关联。结果:2012—2022年,北京市海淀区肺结核报告发病患者数为11657例,年均发病数为1059.73例,年龄标化后的年均发病数为1076.15例,年均常住人口数为341.70万人,男性发病数(7193例)是女性发病数(4464例)的1.61倍;全区肺结核平均CIR和ASIR分别为31.01/10万(1059.73/341.70万)和31.49/10万(1076.15/341.70万),其中,CIR和ASIR分别由2012年的43.24/10万(1452/335.82万)和44.68/10万(1446.29/323.70万)降至2022年的24.14/10万(754/312.40万)和21.24/10万(687.54/323.70万),均呈明显下降趋势(EAPC值分别为-5.37%、-6.21%,P值均<0.001);男性CIR和ASIR分别从2012年的52.90/10万(916/173.16万)和56.54/10万(937.90/164.13万)降至2022年的27.55/10万(429/155.70万)和23.79/10万(390.47/164.13万),女性CIR和ASIR分别从32.95/10万(536/162.65万)和32.88/10万(524.70/159.56万)降至20.74/10万(325/156.70万)和18.79/10万(299.88/159.56万),均呈明显下降趋势(EAPC值分别为-6.06%、-6.84%、-4.11%、-4.88%,P值均<0.001);0~24岁年龄组CIR由2012年的39.30/10万(437/111.20万)降至2022年的4.52/10万(50/110.59万),下降幅度最大(EAPC=-13.52%,P<0.001),55~64岁和≥75岁年龄组分别由2012年的47.61/10万(130/27.30万)和120.84/10万(145/12.00万)降至2022年的29.18/10万(117/21.32万)和75.93/10万(147/19.36万),下降幅度相对较小(EAPC值分别为-3.19%、-3.83%,P值均<0.001)。CIR以流动人口密度为5.119千人/km2和常住人口密度为12.354千人/km2作为拐点,均呈现先下降后上升的趋势(R2=0.156,P<0.001;R2=0.191,P<0.001)。结论:2012—2022年北京市海淀区居民肺结核发病率总体呈下降趋势,鉴于肺结核发病率可能与人口密度存在关联,建议有针对性地制定肺结核防控策略,因地制宜加强肺结核防控工作。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 发病率, 人口密度, 线性模型, 回归分析

Abstract:

Objective:To analyze the trend of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence among residents in Haidian District,Beijing from 2012 to 2022,and to investigate the relationship between PTB incidence and population density,thereby providing a theoretical basis for formulating regional PTB prevention and control measures. Methods:Utilizing data from the PTB case notification cards of PTB patients in Haidian District,Beijing (2012—2022),the crude incidence rate (CIR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of PTB were calculated. The Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was used to analyze the temporal trend of PTB incidence among residents during this period. A piecewise linear regression model (PLRM) was employed to evaluate the associations between PTB incidence and migrant population density,as well as resident population density,respectively. Results:From 2012 to 2022,a total of 11657 PTB cases were reported among residents in Haidian District. The average annual number of incident cases was 1059.73,and the age-standardized average annual number of incident cases was 1076.15. The average annual permanent resident population was 3.417 million. The number of male cases (7193) was 1.61 times that of female cases (4464). The average CIR and ASIR were 31.01 per 100000 (1059.73/3.417 million) and 31.49 per 100000 (1076.15/3.4170 million),respectively. Specifically,CIR decreased from 43.24 per 100000 (1452/3.3582 million) in 2012 to 24.14 per 100000 (754/3.1240 million) in 2022,and ASIR decreased from 44.68 per 100000 (1446.29/3.2370 million) in 2012 to 21.24 per 100000 (687.54/3.2370 million) in 2022,both showing a significant downward trend (EAPC=-5.37% and -6.21%,respectively,both P<0.001). For males,CIR decreased from 52.90 per 100000 (916/1.7316 million) in 2012 to 27.55 per 100000 (429/1.5570 million) in 2022,and ASIR decreased from 56.54 per 100000 (937.90/1.6413 million) in 2012 to 23.79 per 100000 (390.47/1.6413 million) in 2022. For females,CIR decreased from 32.95 per 100000 (536/1.6265 million) in 2012 to 20.74 per 100000 (325/1.5670 million) in 2022,and ASIR decreased from 32.88 per 100000 (524.70/1.5956 million) in 2012 to 18.79 per 100000 (299.88/1.5956 million) in 2022. All gender-specific rates showed significant downward trends (EAPC=-6.06%,-6.84%,-4.11% and -4.88%,respectively,all P<0.001). The crude incidence rate in the 0-24 age group dropped from 39.30 per 100000 (437/1.1120 million) in 2012 to 4.52 per 100000 (50/1.1059 million) in 2022,with the largest decline (EAPC=-13.52%,P<0.001). The rates in the 55-64 age group and the ≥75 age group decreased from 47.61 per 100000 (130/0.2730 million) and 120.84 per 100000 (145/0.1200 million) in 2012 to 29.18 per 100000 (117/0.2132 million) and 75.93 per 100000 (147/0.1936 million) in 2022,respectively,with relatively mild declines (EAPC=-3.19% and -3.83%,respectively,both P<0.001). The crude incidence rate showed a trend of initial decrease followed by increase at a floating population density of 5.119 thousand persons/km2 and a permanent resident population density of 12.354 thousand persons/km2R2=0.156,P<0.001;R2=0.191,P<0.001). Conclusion:The overall incidence of PTB among residents in Haidian District,Beijing showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2022. Given the potential association between PTB incidence and population density,targeted PTB prevention and control strategies should be formulated,and relevant work should be strengthened according to local conditions.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Incidence, Population density, Linear models, Regression analysis

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