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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 510-517.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250418

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

结核后支气管扩张症的临床特征分析

韩延卓, 鹿振辉, 苏奔, 周睿, 陈佳骏, 吴显伟, 吴定中, 张少言, 邱磊()   

  1. 上海中医药大学附属龙华医院呼吸疾病研究所,上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通信作者: 邱磊,Email:dr_qiulei@shutcm.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性疾病防治研究国家科技重大专项(2024ZD0523000);上海科技委员会项目(23S21900600);上海市卫健委科研项目(20234Y0109)

Analysis of the clinical characteristics of post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis

Han Yanzhuo, Lu Zhenhui, Su Ben, Zhou Rui, Chen Jiajun, Wu Xianwei, Wu Dingzhong, Zhang Shaoyan, Qiu Lei()   

  1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases,Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200032,China
  • Received:2025-10-29 Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Qiu Lei,Email:dr_qiulei@shutcm.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Science and Technology Major Project for Prevention and Treatment of Cancers,Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases,Respiratory and Metabolic Diseases(2024ZD0523000);Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(23S21900600);Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20234Y0109)

摘要:

目的:探讨结核后支气管扩张症(post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis,PTBE)的临床特征,为个体化诊疗提供依据。方法:采用横断面研究,纳入2021年7月至2024年12月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院350例稳定期支气管扩张患者,按既往有无肺结核病史分为结核后支气管扩张组(86例,PTBE组)与非结核后支气管扩张组(264例,NPTBE组)。对比分析两组患者的人口学特征、急性加重情况、肺功能、胸部CT表现、铜绿假单胞菌定植、临床症状及相关评分、血常规、白蛋白、淋巴细胞亚群等情况。结果:PTBE组的病程中位数为20.00 (15.00,23.00)年,长于NPTBE组[11.00 (6.75,15.00)年],差异有统计学意义(Z=-9.554,P<0.001)。PTBE组1年内急性加重≥3次的比例为48.84%(42/86),高于NPTBE组[18.94%(50/264)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.926,P<0.001)。PTBE组1年内因急性加重住院率为51.16%(55/86),高于NPTBE组[27.65%(73/264)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.113,P<0.001)。PTBE组累及≥3个肺叶的比例为84.88%(73/86),高于NPTBE组[55.30%(146/264)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.237,P<0.001)。PTBE组的用力肺活量占预计值百分比为0.66±0.08,低于NPTBE组(0.70±0.09),差异有统计学意义(t=3.968,P<0.001)。PTBE组中第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比<70%的患者比例为48.84%(42/86),高于NPTBE组[27.65%(73/264)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.197,P<0.001)。PTBE组的慢性铜绿假单胞菌定植率为62.79%(54/86),高于NPTBE组[29.17%(77/264)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.321,P<0.001)。PTBE组的咯血发生率为18.60%(16/86),NPTBE组为6.82%(18/264),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.275,P=0.001)。结论:结核后支气管扩张症患者病程更长、肺结构破坏更广泛、慢性铜绿假单胞菌定植风险更高、急性加重更频繁,需早期强化抗感染与肺康复干预。

关键词: 结核, 支气管疾病, 疾病特征, 横断面研究

Abstract:

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis (PTBE) to provide a basis for individualized diagnosis and treatment. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 350 patients with stable bronchiectasis from Longhua Hospital Affilicated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2021 and December 2024 were enrolled. According to the history of pulmonary tuberculosis,patients were divided into a post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis group (PTBE group,n=86) and a non-post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis group (NPTBE group,n=264).Demographic characteristics,acute exacerbations,pulmonary function,chest CT findings,colonization with pseudomonas aeruginosa,clinical symptoms and related scores,blood routine tests,albumin levels,and lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups. Results:The median disease duration in the PTBE group was 20.00 (15.00,23.00) years,significantly longer than the 11.00 (6.75,15.00) years in the NPTBE group (Z=-9.554,P<0.001). The proportion of patients with ≥3 acute exacerbations within one year was 48.84% (42/86) in the PTBE group,significantly higher than 18.94% (50/264) in the NPTBE group (χ2=29.926,P<0.001). The hospitalization rate due to acute exacerbations within one year was 51.16% (55/86) in the PTBE group,significantly higher than 27.65% (73/264) in the NPTBE group (χ2=16.113,P<0.001). The proportion of patients with involvement of ≥3 lung lobes was 84.88% (73/86) in the PTBE group,significantly higher than 55.30% (146/264) in the NPTBE group (χ2=24.237,P<0.001). The forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC% pred) was 0.66±0.08 in the PTBE group,significantly lower than 0.70±0.09 in the NPTBE group (t=3.968,P<0.001). The proportion of patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted (FEV1% pred)<70% was 48.84% (42/86) in the PTBE group,significantly higher than 27.65% (73/264) in the NPTBE group (χ2=13.197,P<0.001). The rate of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization was 62.79% (54/86) in the PTBE group,significantly higher than 29.17% (77/264) in the NPTBE group (χ2=31.321,P<0.001). The incidence of hemoptysis was 18.60% (16/86) in the PTBE group,significantly higher than 6.82% (18/264) in the NPTBE group (χ2=10.275,P=0.001). Conclusion:Patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis present with a longer disease duration,more extensive pulmonary structural destruction,higher risk of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization,and more frequent acute exacerbations. Early and intensive anti-infective therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation interventions are recommended for these patients..

Key words: Tuberculosis, Bronchial diseases, Disease attributes, Cross-sectional studies

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