关键词: 结核, 肺, 卫生服务需求, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective：To clarify the specific needs and nursing gaps of 15 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in health management based on the journey map，providing a reference for optimizing the health management of these patients throughout the entire journey. Methods：A descriptive research method was adopted. From late August to October 2025，semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Jining Public Health Medical Center. The data were analyzed with the Colaizzi 7-step method，and the journey map was drawn. Results：The patients’ health needs were summarized into 26 themes according to the timeline of diagnosis and treatment，from three dimensions including symptoms and behaviors，emotions and psychological reactions，and demand points. Nine themes were during the diagnosis period （（1） Delayed medical consultation due to ignoring early symptoms or in asymptomatic conditions，（2） Choosing the right medical institution and completing specialized examinations，（3） Taking active isolation measures，（4） Confusion，（5） Fear，anxiety and worry，（6） Relief upon clear diagnosis，（7） The need to identify early symptoms or conduct active screening，（8） The need for health education targeting weaknesses，（9） The need to adjust role conflicts）. Eight themes were in the hospitalization period （（1） Presence of discomfort symptoms and adverse reactions，（2） Following the guidance of medical staff，（3） Establishing a support system，（4） Resistance and a sense of stigma，（5） Changing a positive mindset，（6） Irritation，（7） Strategies to alleviate discomforts and adverse drug reactions，（8） Multi-channel popular science and need for essential information）. Nine themes were during the home treatment management period （（1） Self-management，（2） Active or passive social avoidance，（3） Avoiding or filtering part of the information，（4） Expecting recovery from the disease，（5） Insufficient psychological capital support，（6） Sense of benefit from the disease，（7） The need to rebuild social networks and return to work，（8） The need to strengthen doctor-patient communication，（9） The need to increase economic support）. The health management journey map was drawn. Conclusion：The health management journey of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients is long and involves complex emotional evolution and changes in needs. Medical staff should accurately identify the demands of patients at different stages of diagnosis and treatment，provide professional guidance and care，and offer tailored services.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Demand for health services, Nursing administration research