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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 525-533.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250365

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于健康行动过程取向理论的家属参与式健康教育对老年肺结核患者服药依从性和肺功能的影响

杨洁1, 董宁1(), 魏潇雯1, 吴艳2, 董文芳1, 吴元浩1, 张林3   

  1. 1 上海市公共卫生临床中心呼吸与危重症医学科,上海 201508
    2 上海市公共卫生临床中心临床研究部,上海 201508
    3 上海市公共卫生临床中心护理部,上海 201508
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通信作者: 董宁,Email:dongning@shaphc.org
  • 基金资助:
    复旦-复星护理科研项目(FNF202557);上海市公共卫生临床中心科研项目(KY-GW-2020-34)

Effects of family participatory intervention on medication adherence and lung function based on health action process approach in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Yang Jie1, Dong Ning1(), Wei Xiaowen1, Wu Yan2, Dong Wenfang1, Wu Yuanhao1, Zhang Lin3   

  1. 1 Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Shanghai 201508,China
    2 Clinical Research Department,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Shanghai 201508,China
    3 Nursing Department,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Shanghai 201508,China
  • Received:2025-09-09 Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Dong Ning,Email:dongning@shaphc.org
  • Supported by:
    Fudan University Nursing Research Programs(FNF202557);Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Research Programs(KY-GW-2020-34)

摘要:

目的:探讨基于健康行动过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论的家属参与式健康教育对提升老年肺结核患者服药依从性和肺功能的护理效果。方法:按照目的抽样法选取2023年3月至2024年4月上海市公共卫生临床中心呼吸与危重症医学科的老年肺结核患者及其家属各65例(名)为对照组,实施常规健康教育;2024年5月至2025年6月的老年肺结核患者及其家属各65例(名)为研究组,在常规健康教育基础上实施基于HAPA理论的家属参与式健康教育。研究期间,研究组有7例患者脱落(其家属随之脱落),对照组有6例患者脱落(其家属随之脱落)。最终,研究组纳入58例(名)患者及其家属,对照组纳入59例(名)。比较两组患者出院后1、2、3个月末服药依从性量表(MMAS-8)得分,比较两组患者出院后药物相关不良反应发生率,比较两组患者出院后3个月末家庭关怀指数(APGAR)问卷各条目得分和肺功能指标。 结果:出院后1、2、3个月末研究组患者的MMAS-8得分[分别为(7.79±0.41)分、(7.62±0.49)分、(7.64±0.49)分]均明显高于对照组[(7.58±0.50)分、(7.37±0.76)分、(7.37±0.49)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.575,P=0.011;t=2.094,P=0.039;t=2.948,P=0.004);干预期间研究组药物相关不良反应发生率[36.21%(21/58)]与对照组[32.20%(19/59)]比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.208,P=0.648);出院后3个月末,研究组APGAR问卷适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度和亲密度得分[2.00 (2.00,2.00)分、2.00 (2.00,2.00)分、2.00 (2.00,2.00)分、2.00 (2.00,2.00)分、2.00 (2.00,2.00)分]均明显高于对照组[1.00 (1.00,2.00)分、1.00 (1.00,2.00)分、2.00 (1.00,2.00)分、2.00 (1.00,2.00)分、1.00 (1.00,2.00)分],差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.708,P=0.007;Z=-5.430,P<0.001;Z=-2.977,P=0.003;Z=-3.212,P=0.001;Z=-5.702,P<0.001);出院后3个月末,研究组用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值(FEV1/FVC)[3.59(3.14,4.23)L、2.85(2.41,3.25)L、80.89%(75.37%,90.19%)]均明显高于对照组[3.14(2.47,4.18)L、2.23(1.89,2.80)L、78.42%(67.73%,81.85%)],差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.604,P=0.009;Z=-4.328,P<0.001;Z=-2.767,P=0.006)。结论:基于HAPA理论的家属参与式健康教育有助于提升老年肺结核患者的服药依从性,增强患者的家庭功能,改善其肺功能。

关键词: 老年人, 结核, 肺, 健康教育, 自我遵嘱服药, 护理理论

Abstract:

Objective:To explore the effects of family participatory intervention based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on medication adherence and lung function in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods:Purposive sampling method was based to select patients. Sixty-five patient-family dyads were selected from the department of respiratory and critical care medicine of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from March 2023 to April 2024 as the control group and received routine health education. Another sixty-five patient-family dyads were selected from May 2024 to June 2025 as the intervention group and received family-participatory health education based on HAPA. During the follow-up period,seven dyads from the intervention group and six from the control group were dropped out. Consequently,the final analysis included 58 dyads in the intervention group and 59 in the control group. The medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) scores were assessed at the end of 1,2 and 3 months after discharge;the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADR),Family APGAR (APGAR) scale scores and pulmonary function parameters were also analyzed at the end of 3 months after discharge. Results:At the end of 1,2 and 3 months after discharge,the MMAS-8 medication adherence scale scores of the intervention group (7.79±0.41,7.62±0.49,7.64±0.49) were higher than those of the control group (7.58±0.50,7.37±0.76,7.37±0.49),and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.575,P=0.011;t=2.094,P=0.039;t=2.948,P=0.004). During the three-month post-discharge follow-up,the occurrence of ADR in the intervention group (36.21% (21/58)) and the control group (32.20% (19/59)) showed no difference (χ2=0.208,P=0.648);Scores of adaptation,partnership,growth,affection,and intimacy of APGAR scale (2.00 (2.00,2.00),2.00 (2.00,2.00),2.00 (2.00,2.00),2.00 (2.00,2.00),2.00 (2.00,2.00)) were higher than those of the control group (1.00 (1.00,2.00),1.00 (1.00,2.00),2.00 (1.00,2.00),2.00 (1.00,2.00),1.00 (1.00,2.00)),and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.708,P=0.007;Z=-5.430,P<0.001;Z=-2.977,P=0.003;Z=-3.212,P=0.001;Z=-5.702,P<0.001);pulmonary function parameters were markedly better in the intervention group,including forced vital capacity (FVC:3.59 (3.14,4.23) L vs. (3.14 (2.47,4.18) L;Z=-2.604,P=0.009),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1:2.85 (2.41,3.25) L vs. 2.23 (1.89,2.80) L;Z=-4.328,P<0.001),and the FEV1/FVC (80.89 (75.37,90.19) % vs. 78.42 (67.73,81.85) %;Z=-2.767,P=0.006). Conclusion:Family participatory intervention based on HAPA can enhance medication adherence and promote family function in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis,as well as improve their lung functions.

Key words: Aged, Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Health education, Self administration, Nursing theory

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