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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1590-1596.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20260051

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市金山区初治肺结核患者成功治疗后复发影响因素及主动筛查效果分析

张瑞, 郝艳星, 宋灿磊, 朱伟涛, 朱士玉()   

  1. 上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心(上海市金山区卫生健康监督所)性病结核病防制科, 上海 200540
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 出版日期:2026-10-10 发布日期:2026-09-30
  • 通信作者: 朱士玉,Email:zhushiyu305@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025)(GWVI-9)

Recurrence influencing factors and active case-finding efficacy analysis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients after successful initial treatment in Jinshan District, Shanghai

Zhang Rui, Hao Yanxing, Song Canlei, Zhu Weitao, Zhu Shiyu()   

  1. Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shanghai Jinshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Jinshan District Health and Sanitation Supervision Institute), Shanghai 200540, China
  • Received:2026-01-23 Online:2026-10-10 Published:2026-09-30
  • Contact: Zhu Shiyu, Email:zhushiyu305@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Three-Year Initiative Plan (2023—2025) for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(GWVI-9)

摘要:

目的: 了解初治肺结核患者成功治疗后复发情况及其影响因素,并探索复发患者主动筛查策略的实施效果。方法: 采用回顾性队列研究方法,从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病管理信息系统”中收集2015年1月1日至2024年8月31日首次管理地区登记为上海市金山区、停止治疗原因为治愈或完成疗程、登记分类为新患者的肺结核患者,将其与2016—2025年金山区所有登记报告的肺结核患者身份信息进行比对,获取匹配成功的复发肺结核患者信息,分析肺结核患者复发情况及其影响因素。纳入7家“无结核社区”建设街镇中登记时间为2022年1月1日至2024年8月31日的肺结核患者开展主动症状筛查与病原学检查,以探索复发主动筛查效果。结果: 研究共纳入1579例肺结核患者,经与2016—2025年金山区所有登记报告的肺结核患者比对后共发现复发患者44例,总复发率为2.79%,其中,2、3年内的复发患者占比分别为61.36%(27/44)和84.09%(37/44),1、3、5、10年内的累积复发率分别为0.51%、2.45%、2.51%、2.94%。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,60岁及以上[HR(95%CI)=9.832(1.323~73.054),P=0.026]和合并糖尿病[HR(95%CI)=2.241(1.149~4.365),P=0.018]均是肺结核复发的独立危险因素。对其中117例接受主动筛查的肺结核患者开展主动筛查,发现病原学阳性者8例,最终确诊为活动性肺结核患者4例(第1和第2年各复发2例),主动筛查检出率为3.42%。结论: 初治肺结核患者成功治疗后复发主要发生在停止治疗后的3年内,60岁及以上、合并糖尿病均是复发的主要危险因素。建议加强肺结核患者停止治疗后3年内的随访力度及病原学检查频次,尤其是对60岁及以上、合并糖尿病的患者,使主动筛查成为获知其是否复发的方法之一。

关键词: 结核,肺, 复发, 诊断检查服务, 因素分析,统计学, 干预性研究, 结果评价(卫生保健)

Abstract:

Objective: To know the recurrence and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) after patients finished a successful initial treatment, and explore the implementation efficacy of active case-finding screening strategy. Methods: Using retrospective cohort study method, data of new PTB cases registered in Jinshan District between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2024 with successful treatment was collected from “The Tuberculosis Information Management System”, a subsystem of the “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”. These patients were then matched against all PTB patients registered in Jinshan District during 2016 to 2025 to identify relapse cases. The recurrence of PTB and its influencing factors were analyzed. Active case-finding was conducted for PTB patients who have been registered between January 1, 2022 and August 31, 2024 in seven towns participating in “Zero Tuberculosis Community” project, to assess the efficacy of active screening. Results: A total of 1579 successfully treated PTB patients were included in this study. After comparison with all registered tuberculosis cases in Jinshan District during 2016—2025, a total of 44 recurrent cases were observed, the recurrent rate was 2.79%. The proportion of recurrence within 2 years, 3 years were 61.36% (27/44) and 84.09% (37/44), and the cumulative recurrence rates within 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years were 0.51%, 2.45%, 2.51% and 2.94%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that ≥60 age group (HR=9.832, 95%CI: 1.323-73.054, P=0.026), comorbid diabetes (HR=2.241, 95%CI: 1.149-4.365, P=0.018) were independent risk factors for PTB recurrence. Active case-finding was conducted on 117 patients with previously successfully treated PTB, identifying 8 etiologically positive cases among whom 4 patients were confirmed with recurrent PTB (including 2 cases within 1 year and 2 cases within 2 years). The detection rate of active screening was 3.42%. Conclusion: Recurrence in successfully treated PTB patients mainly occurs within 3 years, with age over 60 and comorbid diabetes being the main risk factors for recurrence. It is recommended to strengthen follow-up efforts and increase pathogenic examination frequency for PTB patients within 3 years after their initial treatment completion, especially for those who aged over 60 or have comorbid diabetes, make active screening one of the methods for determining whether a recurrence has occurred.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Recurrence, Diagnostic services, Factor analysis, statistical, Intervention studies, Outcome assessment (health care)

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