Email Alert | RSS    帮助

中国防痨杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1201-1207.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.11.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

西安市大学生结核病防治“知信行”现状及结构方程模型分析

曹怡,张少茹(),张天华,蒋华林,任丹,李艳,任静,刘海妮,华中秋   

  1. 陕西省结核病防治研究所(张天华)
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-03 出版日期:2018-11-10 发布日期:2018-12-04
  • 通信作者: 曹怡,张少茹 E-mail:tgshru011@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(71373203)

Status and structural equation model analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice of tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Xi’an

CAO Yi,ZHANG Shao-ru(),ZHANG Tian-hua,JIANG Hua-lin,REN Dan,LI Yan,REN Jing,LIU Hai-ni,HUA Zhong-qiu.   

  1. *Department of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
  • Received:2018-05-03 Online:2018-11-10 Published:2018-12-04
  • Contact: Yi CAO,Shao-ru ZHANG E-mail:tgshru011@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解西安市非医学专业大学生结核病防治“知信行(KAP)”现状,并根据KAP理论构建结构方程模型,分析基本信息、个人史、知识、态度和行为间的相互作用机制,为高校结核病综合防治提供对策和建议。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法于2016年12月至2017年3月从西安市62所非医学高等院校中抽取4所院校的851名大学生进行问卷调查,问卷包括中国疾病预防控制中心设计的全国公众结核病防治知识信念行为调查问卷(内容为结核病防治相关知识、态度、行为等条目)和自行设计的一般情况调查问卷(内容为学生基本信息及个人史的相关条目)。共回收有效问卷808份,有效率为94.9%;对学生KAP现状进行描述性分析,使用Amos 21.0软件分析被调查者的基本信息、个人史、结核病防治知识、结核病防治态度、结核病防治行为之间的关系。结果 大学生结核病防治知识得分较低,正性态度和正性行为持有率分别为70.8%(1715/2424)、37.1%(600/1616)。构建的大学生结核病防治KAP结构方程模型拟合良好,部分拟合指标如下:适配度指数(GFI)为0.97,调整后适配度指数(AGFI)为0.95,比较适配度指数(CFI)为0.95。结构方程模型表明:学生个人史、结核病防治知识、结核病防治态度对行为均有正向作用;其中,知识对行为的总效应值最大,为0.74,其中直接效应值为0.69 [临界比(CR)=8.38,P=0.003],通过态度产生影响的间接效应值为0.05(P=0.003);个人史对行为产生的间接效应值分别为0.45(P=0.001);态度对行为影响的直接效应值最小,为0.16(CR=2.79,P=0.007)。结论 西安市大学生结核病防治知识有待提高。结核病防治知识、个人史、态度均会影响结核病防治行为,结核病防治态度对结核病防治行为的影响较小。应注重提高学生对结核病的认知,注重KAP同步发展。

关键词: 学生, 结核, 健康知识, 态度, 实践, 模型, 结构, 数据说明, 统计

Abstract:

Objective To realize the current situation on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control among non-medical students in Xi’an, construct a structure equation model (SEM) of students’ KAP of TB control based on KAP theory to explore the interaction mechanism of basic information, history of contact and health education, knowledge, attitude and behavior, and then put forward to the suggestions and countermeasures for the practice of TB prevention and control in colleges.Methods Eight hundred and fifty-one students from 4 non-medical colleges of Xi’an selected by purposive sampling were investigated with the questionnaire of the national survey of KAP to TB control designed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (which includes items related knowledge, attitude, behavior of TB prevention and care), and a self-design general information questionnaire (including questions related students’ basic information and personal history) from Dec. 2016 to Mar. 2017. A total of 808 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 94.9%. Amos 21.0 was used to analyze the relationship between basic information, personal history, knowledge, attitude and behavior.Results The score of knowledge related TB prevention and care was low. About 70.8% (1715/2424) and 37.1% (600/1616) students hold a positive attitude and behavior, respectively. The KAP structural equation model fitting degree was good. Some goodness-of-fit indices were as follows: goodness of fit index=0.97, adjusted goodness of fit index=0.95, comparative fit index=0.95. The results of SEM showed that personal history, knowledge and attitude had positive effects on behavior. Knowledge had the biggest total effect of 0.74 on behavior: the direct effect coefficient was 0.69 (CR=8.38, P=0.003), and the coefficient of indirect effect of knowledge on behavior through influencing attitude was 0.05 (P=0.003). The personal history had an indirect influence behavior with the coefficients of 0.45 (P=0.001). Attitude had a minimum direct effect of 0.16 on behavior (CR=2.79, P=0.007).Conclusion Knowledge of TB prevention and care among non-medical students in Xi’an needs to be improved. Knowledge, personal history, and attitude all can affect students’ behavior of TB prevention and control, whereas the effect of attitude is limited. Therefore, comprehensive and effective interventions should be taken to improve the students’ awareness of TB, establish a correct attitude towards TB prevention and control, and make them actively learn and disseminate knowledge of prevention and control, emphasizing on the simultaneous development of KAP.

Key words: Students, Tuberculosis, Health knowledge, attitudes, practice, Models, structural, Data interpretation, statistical