关键词: 结核,肺, 健康教育, 问卷调查

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the awareness of the core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Using the prospective cohort study method, 202 newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who met the conditions of the “home treatment management model” and were included in three municipal tuberculosis prevention and control institutions (specialized hospitals), including the Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, the Changping District Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute of Beijing, and the Daxing District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, from January 2019 to January 2023, were investigated. A self-designed survey questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face inquiry survey on the survey subjects at their first visit, collecting their basic information, past medical history, and current diagnosis and treatment status. The respondents who reported that they knew tuberculosis related core knowledge were further investigated the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge. A total of 202 questionnaires were distributed and 202 valid questionnaires were collected, with a questionnaire effectiveness rate of 100%. The general situation of the respondents and the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge were statistically analyzed, and the factors affecting the awareness rate were further analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Of the 202 respondents, 191 (94.55%) reported that they knew about tuberculosis, and the total awareness rate of the 8 core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control was 70.42% (1076/1528). Univariate analysis showed that the total awareness rate was the highest in the 15-29 year old group (76.69%, 227/296), and the lowest in the 45-59 year old group (65.20%, 193/296), with a statistically significant difference (χ²=19.236, P<0.001). The total awareness rate of non local registered residence (74.20%, 558/752), those with bachelor’s degree or above (77.02%, 191/248), those who do not drink (73.15%, 673/920) and those who used to drink but now do not (70.09%, 342/488) was significantly higher than that of registered residence (67.52%, 524/776), middle school (71.56%, 750/1048), primary school and below (60.78%, 141/232) and current drinkers (55.83%, 67/120), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (χ² values were 8.236, 16.213, 15.589, respectively, and P values were <0.005,<0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of knowing tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge of patients with chronic diseases and patients aged 45-59 years were 30.0% (95%CI: 9.1%-98.8%) and 18.5% (95%CI: 3.5%-99.4%) of patients without chronic diseases and patients aged 15-29 years, respectively. The information channel for respondents to obtain tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge was mainly media (such as network/television/radio/leaflets), with a selection rate of 53.93% (103/191). Conclusion: The total awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge of newly diagnosed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was low. Targeted measures should be taken for tuberculosis patients aged 45-59, with registered residence in the city, with secondary school and primary school education and below, and drinking now, and health education for tuberculosis prevention and control should be carried out through various information channels.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Health education, Questionnaires