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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 701-706.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.07.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

结核病患者老年密切接触者结核病防治知识知晓情况调查分析

吴郁美, 刘彬彬, 龚德华, 陈璐, 冯丹, 吴苒澈()   

  1. 410013 长沙,湖南省胸科医院外科
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-13 出版日期:2020-07-10 发布日期:2020-07-09
  • 通信作者: 吴苒澈 E-mail:191202304@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金(2019JJ80107)

Investigation and analysis on the knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among elderly close contacts of tuberculosis patients

WU Yu-mei, LIU Bin-bin, GONG De-hua, CHEN Lu, FENG Dan, WU Ran-che()   

  1. Department of Surgery, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
  • Received:2020-04-13 Online:2020-07-10 Published:2020-07-09
  • Contact: WU Ran-che E-mail:191202304@qq.com

摘要:

目的 调查结核病患者老年密切接触者对结核病防治知识知晓情况,为制定其结核病防治对策提供依据。 方法 选取2019年6—12月于湖南省胸科医院住院的结核病患者老年密切接触者(年龄≥60岁)作为调查对象,进行问卷调查。调查问卷为自行设计,内容包括:调查对象一般情况、结核病防治核心知识及获得知识的途径。共发出问卷199份,剔除无效问卷后回收193份,有效率97.0%。对调查对象的结核病防治核心知识知晓情况及影响因素进行分析。结果 193名调查对象以小学文化程度为主[47.2%(91/193)],职业以农民为主[62.2%(120/193)];对7条结核病防治核心知识总知晓率为56.3%(760/1351)。7条结核病防治核心知识中,以“结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的传染病”及“咳嗽咳痰2周以上,应怀疑得了肺结核”的单一知晓率较高,分别为74.1%(143/193)和60.1%(116/193);以“结核病的诊断方法”及“结核病防治定点医疗机构检查治疗结核病是否有减免政策”的单一知晓率最低,均为47.7%(92/193)。单因素分析显示,大专及以上文化程度者结核病防治核心知识知晓水平得分[中位数(四分位数)]为85.7(74.9,85.7),明显高于小学文化程度者[57.1(28.5,85.7)];经宣传活动获得知识者结核病防治核心知识知晓水平得分为85.7(67.8,100.0),明显高于未经宣传活动获得知识者[57.1(28.5,85.7)],差异均有统计学意义(H=9.87,P=0.020;Z=-3.70,P=0.000)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,相对于小学文化程度者,大专及以上文化程度者结核病防治核心知识知晓水平高[OR(95%CI)=7.44(1.81~30.58)];经宣传活动获得知识者结核病防治核心知识知晓水平高[OR(95%CI)=3.71(1.68~8.19)]。结论 结核病患者老年密切接触者结核病防治知识知晓率低,文化程度及知识获取途径是其结核病防治知识知晓水平的影响因素。

关键词: 结核, 接触者追踪, 老年人, 健康知识, 态度, 实践, 问卷调查, 因素分析, 统计学

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the awareness of knowledge on tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment among elderly close contacts with TB patients, so as to provide evidences for formulating the TB prevention and treatment measures among these people. Methods Elderly close contacts (age ≥60 years) with TB patients hospitalized Hunan Chest Hospital from June to December 2019 were selected as respondents for a questionnaire survey, which used a self-designed questionnaire including the general condition of the respondent, awareness of core knowledge on TB prevention and treatment, and accesses to these knowledge as the survey items. A total of 199 questionnaires were distributed and 193 were recovered after excluding the invalid ones, with the validity of 97.0%. The awareness of core knowledge on TB prevention and treatment among the respondents and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results The 193 subjects were mainly primary school educated (47.2% (91/193)), and their occupations were mainly farmers (62.2% (120/193)); the total awareness rate of 7 TB prevention and control core knowledge was 56.3% (760/1351). Among the seven core knowledge of TB prevention and control, the single awareness rate of “TB is a serious infectious disease that endangers human health”, “cough and expectoration for more than two weeks should be suspected to have TB” was higher (74.1% (143/193) and 60.1% (116/193), respectively). The single awareness rate of “TB diagnosis method” and “TB prevention and treatment of designated medical institutions to check whether there is a policy of remission knowledge” were the lowest, both of which were 47.7% (92/193). Univariate analysis showed that the score (M(Q1, Q3)) of TB prevention and control core knowledge among college education or above was 85.7 (74.9, 85.7), which was significantly higher than that among primary school education (57.1 (28.5, 85.7)); the score among those who obtained knowledge through publicity activities (85.7 (67.8, 100.0)) was significantly higher than those who did not (57.1 (28.5, 85.7)), and the difference was statistically significant (H=9.87, P=0.020; Z=-3.70, P=0.000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with subjects with primary school education, those with college education or above had a higher awareness level of TB core knowledge (OR (95%CI)=7.44 (1.81-30.58)); those with knowledge acquired through publicity activities had a higher awareness level of TB core knowledge (OR (95%CI)=3.71 (1.68-8.19)). Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge on TB prevention and treatment is low among elderly close contacts with TB patients. Educational attainment and access to knowledge are the influencing factors for awareness of knowledge on TB prevention and treatment among elderly close contacts with TB patients.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Contact tracing, Aged, Health knowledge, attitudes, practice, Questionnaires, Factor analysis, statistical