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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 21-33.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250315

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2000—2021年中国24岁及以下人群结核病疾病负担现状及趋势分析

孙晴, 王小平, 杨小梅, 韩瑞豪, 顾烨秋, 符剑()   

  1. 南通市疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防制科,南通226000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-01 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2025-12-31
  • 通信作者: 符剑 E-mail:229364588@qq.com

Analysis on the current situation and trend of tuberculosis disease burden of people aged ≤24 in China from 2000 to 2021

Sun Qing, Wang Xiaoping, Yang Xiaomei, Han Ruihao, Gu Yeqiu, Fu Jian()   

  1. Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong 226000, China
  • Received:2025-08-01 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: Fu Jian E-mail:229364588@qq.com

摘要:

目的: 分析2000—2021年中国24岁及以下人群结核病疾病负担情况及变化趋势,为24岁及以下人群结核病防控策略的制定提供参考依据。方法: 从全球疾病负担数据库(GBD 2021)中提取中国2000—2021年24岁及以下人群结核病标化发病率、感染率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(DALYs),采用Joinpoint回归模型分析22年间中国24岁及以下人群结核病疾病负担变化趋势,各项指标的变化趋势以年度百分比(APC)和平均年度百分比(AAPC)进行描述。结果: 2000—2021年,我国24岁及以下人群的结核病标化发病率、感染率、死亡率、DALYs率的年度均值分别为53.51/10万、29889.73/10万、4.92/10万和180.04/10万,降幅分别为54.16%、5.75%、81.46%和79.67%,均呈明显下降趋势(AAPC值分别为-3.639%、-0.301%、-7.745%和-7.317%);其中,标化感染率的下降幅度最低,且在2005—2010年和2015—2019年期间均呈阶段性上升趋势(从2005年的29446.97/10万上升至2010年的30057.59/10万,APC值为0.587%;从2015年的27918.13/10万上升至2019年的30567.83/10万,APC值为2.483%)。从年龄组看,结核病标化发病率、死亡率、DALYs率降幅最大的均是0~4岁组(分别为72.58%、95.79%、94.20%),均呈明显下降趋势(AAPC值分别为-5.970%、-14.058%和-12.670%);降幅最小的均是20~24岁组(AAPC值分别为-2.378%、-8.174%和-5.709%);而5~9、10~14、15~19、20~24岁组的结核感染变化率在2005—2010年和2015—2019年均呈阶段性上升趋势(分别从2005年的7010.40/10万、11768.47/10万、24312.79/10万、32324.53/10万上升至2010年的7334.07/10万、12575.43/10万、24748.90/10万、33308.53/10万,APC值分别为0.913%、1.685%、0.560%、0.812%;分别从2015年的6966.83/10万、11735.23/10万、22686.91/10万、30001.30/10万上升至2019年的8937.86/10万、15005.36/10万、25357.04/10万、32830.45/10万,APC值分别为6.852%、6.767%、3.071%、2.464%)。从性别来看,男性结核病患者的年均标化发病率、感染率、死亡率、DALYs率(分别为67.83/10万、31082.59/10万、7.03/10万、241.34/10万)均高于女性(分别为40.14/10万、28673.12/10万、3.07/10万、121.48/10万),且男性和女性患者4项指标均呈明显下降趋势(男性AAPC值分别为-3.396%、-0.288%、-7.221%、-6.724%,女性AAPC值分别为-4.082%、-0.317%、-8.880%、-8.452%),但男性患者的下降幅度(分别为51.74%、5.55%、79.08%、76.83%)均低于女性(分别为58.25%、6.02%、85.67%、84.23%);其中,男性和女性的结核病标化感染率在2005—2010年、2015—2019年期间均呈阶段性上升趋势(分别从2005年的30740.24/10万、28126.36/10万上升至2010年的31252.77/10万、28842.19/10万,APC值分别为0.492%和0.696%;分别从2015年的29110.34/10万、26708.01/10万上升至2019年的31696.74/10万、29408.98/10万,APC值分别为2.332%和2.637%)。结论: 2000—2021年中国24岁及以下人群结核病疾病负担显著下降,但结核感染率仍较高,且下降速度缓慢。其中,女性结核病疾病负担虽低于男性,但其各指标的下降幅度均高于男性;20~24岁组的结核病疾病负担最高,其次是0~4岁组。未来我国仍需加强结核病防控力度,制定更有针对性的疫情防控策略。

关键词: 结核, 青少年, 疾病负担, 模型,统计学, 回归分析, 流行病学研究

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the disease burden and changing trends of tuberculosis among individuals aged ≤24 in China from 2000 to 2021, and to provide evidence for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control strategies for this demographic. Methods: Age-standardized incidence, infection, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates for tuberculosis among individuals aged ≤24 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Joinpoint regression model was used to evaluate long-term trends, with annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) used to quantify variations in each indicator. Results: From 2000 to 2021, the mean annual age-standardized incidence, infection, mortality, and DALYs rates for tuberculosis among individuals aged ≤24 in China were 53.51/100000, 29889.73/100000, 4.92/100000, and 180.04/100000, respectively. These indicators declined by 54.16%, 5.75%, 81.46%, and 79.67%, all demonstrating significant downward trends (AAPC=-3.639%, -0.301%, -7.745%, and -7.317%). The age-standardized infection rate decreased the least and showed two periods of temporary increase: 2005-2010 and 2015-2019 (rising from 29446.97/100000 in 2005 to 30057.59/100000 in 2010, with an APC value of 0.587%; and from 27918.13/100000 in 2015 to 30567.83/100000 in 2019, with an APC value of 2.483%). In terms of age group, the 0-4-year-old group exhibited the most significant declines in age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates (72.58%, 95.79% and 94.20%, with corresponding AAPCs of -5.970%, -14.058%, and -12.670%). In contrast, the 20-24-year-old group showed the smallest declines (AAPC=-2.378%, -8.174%, and -5.709%). Tuberculosis infection rates in the 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 age groups showed a phased upward trend between 2005—2010 (increasing from 7010.40/100000, 11768.47/100000, 24312.79/100000, and 32324.53/100000 in 2005 to 7334.07/100000, 12575.43/100000, 24748.90/100000, and 33308.53/100000 in 2010, with APC values of 0.913%, 1.685%, 0.560%, and 0.812%, respectively) and between 2015—2019 (increasing from 6966.83/100000, 11735.23/100000, 22668.91/100000, and 30001.30/100000 in 2015 to 8937.86/100000, 15005.36/100000, 25357.04/100000, and 32830.45/100000 in 2019, with APC values of 6.852%, 6.767%, 3.071%, and 2.464%, respectively). In terms of gender, the mean annual age-standardized incidence, infection, mortality, and DALYs rates of male tuberculosis patients (67.83/100000, 31082.59/100000, 7.03/100000, 241.34/100000, respectively) are higher than that of female patients (40.14/100000, 28673.12/100000, 3.07/100000, 121.48/100000, respectively). Although both genders exhibited significant downward trend (male AAPC=-3.396%, -0.288%, -7.221%, -6.724%; female AAPC=-4.082%, -0.317%, -8.880%, and -8.452%), the overall decline rates of male patients (51.74%, 5.55%, 79.08%, 76.83% respectively) was lower than that of female patients (58.25%, 6.02%, 85.67%, 84.23% respectively). Notably, age-standardized infection rates for both genders showed a phased upward trend between 2005—2010 (increasing from 30740.24/100000 and 28126.36/100000 in 2005 to 31252.77/100000 and 28842.19/100000 in 2010, with APC values of 0.492% and 0.696%, respectively) and between 2015—2019 (increasing from 29110.34/100000 and 26708.01/100000 in 2015 to 31696.74/100000 and 29408.98/100000 in 2019, with APC values of 2.332% and 2.637%, respectively). Conclusion: From 2000 to 2021, the tuberculosis burden among individuals aged ≤24 in China declined substaintially. However, tuberculosis infection rate remains high and is decreasing slowly. Although the females had lower tuberculosis burden than males, they experienced faster declines in all indicators. The 20-24 age group bears the highest TB burden, followed by the 0-4 age group. Strengthen the prevention and control of tuberculosis and develop more targeted epidemic prevention and control strategies are needed to further reduce tuberculosis infection and disease burden in this population.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Disease burden, Models, statistical, Regression analysis, Epidemiologic studies

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