基于中国专利公布公告网探讨治疗肺结核中药复方的用药特点

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250307

中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 274-281.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250307

基于中国专利公布公告网探讨治疗肺结核中药复方的用药特点

苏奔, 邱磊, 周睿, 陈涛, 陈玉贤, 崔洁, 夏柳圆, 张少言(), 鹿振辉()

上海中医药大学附属龙华医院呼吸疾病研究所, 上海 200032

收稿日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2026-02-10 发布日期:2026-02-03
通信作者: 张少言,Email:zhangshaoyan000@163.com;鹿振辉,Email:Dr_luzh@shutcm.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2025ZD01908200);国家中医药管理局重大疑难疾病中西医协作项目(ZDYN-2024-B-028);上海市科学技术委员会项目(22XD1423500);上海市科学技术委员会项目(23S21900600);上海市卫生健康委员会项目(2022XD027);上海市卫生健康委员会项目(20234Y0109);上海市卫生健康委员会项目(2022CX010);上海市第六轮公共卫生重点学科(GWVI-11.1-08);上海市申康医院发展中心项目(SHDC12023106);上海市徐汇区院地合作项目(23XHYD-25)

Analysis of usage characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for treating pulmonary tuberculosis based on the Chinese Patent Publication and Announcement Network

Su Ben, Qiu Lei, Zhou Rui, Chen Tao, Chen Yuxian, Cui Jie, Xia Liuyuan, Zhang Shaoyan(), Lu Zhenhui()

Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China

Received:2025-07-28 Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-02-03
Contact: Zhang Shaoyan,Email:zhangshaoyan000@163.com;Lu Zhenhui,Email:Dr_luzh@shutcm.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Major Science and Technology Project(2025ZD01908200);Major Collaborative Project of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Difficult and Complex Diseases of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZDYN-2024-B-028);Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project(22XD1423500);Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project(23S21900600);Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project(2022XD027);Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project(20234Y0109);Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project(2022CX010);Shanghai Sixth Round Key Discipline of Public Health(GWVI-11.1-08);Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Center Project(SHDC12023106);Shanghai Xuhui District Hospital-Local Cooperation Project(23XHYD-25)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 统计和分析中国专利公布公告网中治疗肺结核中药复方的应用特点,为临床合理用药及新药研发提供参考。方法: 收集中国专利公布公告网治疗肺结核的中药复方专利的药物组成、功效、药性、药味、归经等信息,建立数据库,使用Excel 2019软件进行频次分析,使用R studio软件通过R环境对数据库进行关联规则分析和药物相关性分析。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行高频药物聚类分析,采用Cytoscape 3.10分析构建核心药物共现复杂网络。结果: 共纳入中药复方专利305项,包含905味中药,用药频次前五位分别为百部(135次)、白及(107次)、甘草(107次)、麦冬(103次)、百合(84次),药物功效以补虚药(770次)、化痰止咳平喘药(417次)、清热药(302次)为主,药味以甘(1946次)、苦(1492次)、辛(543次)为主,药性以寒(1363次)、温(788次)、平(633次)为主;多归属肺经(2027次)、肝经(1022次)、心经 (967次)、肾经 (872次)。高频药物关联规则分析得出常用的对药组合有阿胶-麦冬、生地黄-麦冬、天冬-百部等,常用的角药组合有百部-生地黄-麦冬、白及-麦冬-百部、百合-麦冬-百部等。高频药物聚类分析得到9个药物组合,分别为:(1)麦冬,生地黄,阿胶,熟地黄;(2)川贝母,玄参;(3)当归,白芍;(4)百部,白及;(5)百合,桔梗;(6)黄芪,党参,白术:(7)茯苓,山药;(8)苦杏仁,紫菀:(9)地骨皮,知母。药物相关性分析得出茯苓-山药、阿胶-麦冬、麦冬-生地黄、地骨皮-知母等药物之间关系密切。核心药物共现网络表明百部-白及、百部-麦冬、百部-百合、百部-甘草、百部-黄芪可能是治疗肺结核方的核心药物。结论: 中国专利公布公告网中治疗肺结核的中药复方具有重要的临床价值和广泛的应用前景,临床中应在辨证论治的基础上合理使用相关药物组合,以提高临床疗效。

关键词: 结核,肺, 专利, 中药复方, 配伍规律

Abstract:

Objective: To statistically analyze the usage characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescriptions for treating pulmonary tuberculosis from the Chinese Patent Publication and Announcement Network, to provide references for clinical rational drug use and new drug development. Methods: Information on drug composition, effectiveness, nature, taste, and meridian tropism of TCM compound prescriptions for treating pulmonary tuberculosis was collected from the Chinese Patent Publication and Announcement Network, and a database was established. Frequency analysis was conducted using Excel 2019 software, association rule analysis and drug correlation analysis were performed on the database using R studio software through the R environment. Cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software, and a complex network of core drug co-occurrence was constructed using Cytoscape 3.10. Results: A total of 305 TCM compound prescription patents were included, involving 905 TCM drugs. The top five drugs in terms of frequency of use were Baibu (135 times), Baiji (107 times), Gancao (107 times), Maidong (103 times), and Baihe (84 times). Their main drug functions were tonifying (770 times), expectorant and cough/asthma-relieving (417 times), and heat-clearing (302 times). The main tastes were sweet (1946 times), bitter (1492 times), and pungent (543 times), and the main natures were cold (1363 times), warm (788 times), and neutral (633 times). The drugs were mostly attributed to the lung meridian (2027 times), liver meridian (1022 times), heart meridian (967 times), and kidney meridian (872 times). The association rule analysis of high-frequency drugs revealed common drug pairs such as Ejiao-Maidong, Shengdihuang-Maidong, and Tiandong-Baibu, and common drug triplets such as Baibu-Shengdihuang-Maidong, Baiji-Maidong-Baibu, and Baihe-Maidong-Baibu. The cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs identified 9 drug combinations: (1) Maidong, Shengdihuang, Ejiao, and Shudihuang; (2) Chuanbeimu and Xuan Shen; (3) Danggui and Baishao; (4) Baibu and Baiji; (5) Baihe and Jiegeng; (6) Huangqi, Dangshen, and Baizhu; (7) Fuling and Shanyao; (8) Kuxingren and Ziwan; (9) Digupi and Zhimu. The drug correlation analysis indicated that Fuling-Shanyao, Ejiao-Maidong, Maidong-Shengdihuang, and Digupi-Zhimu were closely related. The core drug co-occurrence network suggested that Baibu-Baiji, Baibu-Maidong, Baibu-Baihe, Baibu-Gancao, and Baibu-Huangqi might be the core drugs in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The TCM compound prescriptions for treating pulmonary tuberculosis on the Chinese Patent Publication and Announcement Network have significant clinical value and broad application prospect. In clinical practice, relevant drug combinations should be used rationally based on syndrome differentiation and treatment to improve clinical effectiveness.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Patent, Chinese herbal compound, Law of concerted application

中图分类号:

R521

苏奔, 邱磊, 周睿, 陈涛, 陈玉贤, 崔洁, 夏柳圆, 张少言, 鹿振辉. 基于中国专利公布公告网探讨治疗肺结核中药复方的用药特点[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2026, 48(2): 274-281. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250307

Su Ben, Qiu Lei, Zhou Rui, Chen Tao, Chen Yuxian, Cui Jie, Xia Liuyuan, Zhang Shaoyan, Lu Zhenhui. Analysis of usage characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for treating pulmonary tuberculosis based on the Chinese Patent Publication and Announcement Network[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2026, 48(2): 274-281. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250307

图/表 6

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 22

[1]	胡鑫洋, 高静韬. 世界卫生组织《2024年全球结核病报告》解读. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2024, 5(6): 500-504. doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024164.
[2]	Nunn AJ, Phillips PPJ, Meredith SK, et al. A Trial of a Shorter Regimen for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(13):1201-1213. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1811867.
[3]	鹿振辉, 张惠勇, 张洪春, 等. 我国中医药防治结核病的现状与展望. 中国防痨杂志, 2020, 42(2):88-90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.02.002.
[4]	国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2025.
[5]	钟赣生. 中药学. 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2016.
[6]	Bansal A, Khare A, Moriwal R. ECLAT algorithm for frequent item set generation with association rule mining algorithm. Int J Sci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol, 2020, 6(2):306-309. doi:10.32628/CSEIT206247.
[7]	孙梦豫, 邓清月, 孙澜彬, 等. 数据挖掘《中国药典》2020年版肾病相关中药成方制剂的核心药对及其作用靶点预测. 中草药, 2025, 56(1):191-202. doi:10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2025.01.019.
[8]	马静, 李学林, 李春晓, 等. 基于数据挖掘的《中国药典》(2020版)中治疗咳嗽中成药的用药特点及规律分析. 中国合理用药探索, 2022, 19(7):50-58. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3327.2022.07.009.
[9]	但文超, 赵国桢, 何庆勇, 等. 中医药处方数据挖掘的常见问题辨析与展望. 中国中药杂志, 2023, 48(17):4812-4818. doi:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230512.501.
[10]	巴桑卓玛, 央拉, 宋佳颖, 等. 西藏自治区在职职工高原衰退症的分布特征及影响因素. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2023, 54(6):1184-1190. doi:10.12182/20231160502.
[11]	陈林锦, 吴显伟, 张少言, 等. 基于古代医籍和数据挖掘探讨中医辨治肺结核的用药规律. 现代中西医结合杂志, 2023, 32(7):987-993. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2023.07.025.
[12]	Zhang SY, Fu JY, Guo XY, et al. Improvement cues of lesion absorption using the adjuvant therapy of traditional Chinese medicine Qinbudan tablet for retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis with standard anti-tuberculosis regimen. Infect Dis Poverty, 2020, 9(1):50. doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00660-z.
[13]	王莉新, 吴燕燕, 王易. “芩部丹”中三种单体对结核分枝杆菌作用下TLR2表达的影响. 中国药理学通报, 2011, 27(9): 1284-1287. doi:10.13288/j.11-2165/cpb.2011.09.003.
[14]	刘媛, 陈洁, 孙辉, 等. 中药治疗肺结核的用药规律及其核心药物作用机制的探讨. 中国防痨杂志, 2022, 44(2):131-140. doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210433.
[15]	夏露. 黄芪注射液辅助治疗老年肺结核的临床疗效观察及免疫调控基础研究. 上海: 上海中医药大学, 2020.
[16]	吕培, 王永军, 何红彦, 等. 沙参麦冬汤联合卡介菌多糖核酸对肺结核患者外周血TNF-α和T淋巴细胞影响. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2020, 22(3):176-179. doi:10.13194/j.issn.1673-842x.2020.03.046.
[17]	李继翰, 国美峰, 倪磊磊, 等. 百合固金汤联合利奈唑胺对耐多药肺结核患者肺功能及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响. 天津中医药, 2025, 42(4):431-435. doi:10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2025.04.05.
[18]	黄艳, 张向荣, 刘裔. 结核丸联合肺结核标准化疗方案治疗肺结核的临床疗效及对IgG、IgA、IgM水平的影响研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2022, 40(4):255-258. doi:10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2022.04.059.
[19]	张少言, 鹿振辉, 马子风, 等. 中医药治疗肺结核的新进展. 中医药导报, 2017, 23(11):79-81,85. doi:10.13862/j.cnki.cn43-1446/r.2017.11.026.
[20]	中国中西医结合学会, 中华中医药学会, 中华医学会. 耐药肺结核中西医结合诊疗指南. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2025, 6(5): 477-494. doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20252003.
[21]	Zhang SY, Qiu L, Zhang SX, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Bufei Jiedu Granules in Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multi-center, Double-Blinded and Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med, 2024, 30(7):579-587. doi:10.1007/s11655-024-3812-7.
[22]	陈琳琳, 郭立中, 陈佳莹, 等. “冷背药材”的含义、特性及保护策略研究. 基层中医药, 2025, 4(1):69-73. doi:10.20065/j.cnki.btcm.20250014.

序号	前项	后项	置信度	支持度	提升度
1	阿胶	麦冬	0.79	0.11	2.33
2	百部,生地黄	麦冬	0.78	0.10	2.29
3	白及,麦冬	百部	0.75	0.11	1.69
4	百合,麦冬	百部	0.71	0.10	1.61
5	麦冬,生地黄	百部	0.70	0.10	1.59
6	白及,百合	百部	0.70	0.11	1.59
7	生地黄	麦冬	0.69	0.14	2.04
8	天冬	百部	0.69	0.11	1.55
9	黄芪	百部	0.69	0.16	1.55
10	白及	百部	0.67	0.24	1.52
11	地骨皮	百部	0.67	0.11	1.51
12	桔梗	百部	0.66	0.12	1.49
13	百合	百部	0.65	0.18	1.48

基于中国专利公布公告网探讨治疗肺结核中药复方的用药特点

Analysis of usage characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for treating pulmonary tuberculosis based on the Chinese Patent Publication and Announcement Network

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 22

相关文章 2

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	段利瑶, 凌彦博, 梁艳, 史迎昌, 王兰, 赵冠人, 刘军, 郑越, 吴雪琼. 牛贝消核提取物血清药物化学的初步研究[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2022, 44(5): 455-459.
[2]	袁保东,王卫华,段琼红,张炎林,陆兰英. 耐多药肺结核患者生命质量的评价[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2006, 28(3): 139-142.