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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 477-484.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250450

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年北京市结核分枝杆菌基因型与耐药性研究

缪鸿豪1,2, 张洁2, 庞梦迪2, 任怡宣2, 邓阳2, 易俊莉2, 樊瑞芳2, 陈双双2, 陈昊2, 于兰2, 李洁1,2,3(), 李传友1,2,3(), 杨新宇1,2,3()   

  1. 1 首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京 100038
    2 北京市疾病预防控制中心结核病实验室,北京 100013
    3 结核病防治关键技术北京市重点实验室,北京 100035
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通信作者: 杨新宇,Email:yangxinyu@bjcdc.org;李传友,Email:lichuanyou@ccmu.edu.cn;李洁,Email:lijie304304@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2024-2G-30114)

Genotypic and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Beijing,2024

Miao Honghao1,2, Zhang Jie2, Pang Mengdi2, Ren Yixuan2, Deng Yang2, Yi Junli2, Fan Ruifang2, Chen Shuangshuang2, Chen Hao2, Yu Lan2, Li Jie1,2,3(), Li Chuanyou1,2,3(), Yang Xinyu1,2,3()   

  1. 1 School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100038,China
    2 Tuberculosis Laboratory,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China
    3 Beijing Key Laboratory for Key Technologies in Tuberculosis Prevention and Control,Beijing 100035,China
  • Received:2025-11-12 Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Yang Xinyu,Email:yangxinyu@bjcdc.org;Li Chuanyou,Email:lichuanyou@ccmu.edu.cn;Li Jie,Email:lijie304304@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Fund Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-2G-30114)

摘要:

目的:探讨2024年北京市管理肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌临床分离株基因型、表型耐药特征及两者间相关性,为本地区结核病防控提供科学依据。方法:从北京市结核病防治服务体系中收集2024年1—12月期间符合纳入标准的923例管理肺结核患者的结核分枝杆菌临床分离株及其流行病学资料。使用PCR法进行所有菌株的菌种鉴定,通过RD105缺失基因检测法鉴定北京基因型和非北京基因型菌株,并根据NTF区完整性区分古老型和现代型北京基因型。采用分枝杆菌散布重复单元—15位点数目可变串联重复序列(MIRU-VNTR 15)进行基因分型,通过分辨指数(HGI)和总分辨指数(HGDI)评估各VNTR位点及整个分型体系的多态性及分辨力,同时观察基因型成簇情况,并使用最低抑菌浓度法进行4种一线及4种A组抗结核药物的药物敏感性试验。结果:923株菌株菌种鉴定及基因分型结果显示,结核分枝杆菌922株和非洲分枝杆菌1株;其中,结核分枝杆菌中北京基因型占90.89%(838/922),且以现代型为主[85.20%(714/838)]。MIRU-VNTR分型显示,HGDI值为0.998,其中QUB11b(HGI=0.722)和QUB26(HGI=0.639)两个位点表现出高多态性,是区分菌株的关键位点。230株结核分枝杆菌成簇菌株均为北京基因型,成簇率为24.95%(230/922),98.26%(226/230)为北京现代型;共形成63个簇,最大簇包含29株菌株,均为北京现代型。耐药检测显示,异烟肼的耐药率最高[12.26%(113/922)],乙胺丁醇最低[0.22%(2/922)];北京基因型对异烟肼和左氧氟沙星的耐药率[分别为12.89%(108/838)和9.79%(82/838)]均明显高于非北京型[分别为5.95%(5/84)和2.38%(2/84)],现代型对异烟肼和利福平的耐药率[分别为11.76%(84/714)和5.18%(37/714)]均明显低于古老型[分别为19.35%(24/124)和11.29%(14/124)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2=3.415,P=0.039;χ2=5.055,P=0.012;χ2=5.421,P=0.018;χ2=6.897,P=0.011)。结论:现代型北京基因型具有较高的遗传多样性和传播活性,是北京市结核分枝杆菌优势流行株和近期传播的主要基因型,且以异烟肼耐药问题最为突出,故需加强对现代型北京基因型菌株,特别是耐药菌株的分子监测与传播链追踪。

关键词: 分枝杆菌, 结核, 基因型, 串联重复序列, 结核, 抗多种药物性

Abstract:

Objective:To characterize the genotypic characteristics and drug resistance features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) clinical isolates from management of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Beijing in 2024,as well as the correlation between them,providing scientific evidence for tuberculosis prevention and control in Beijing. Methods:A total of 923 clinical isolates of MTB and their epidemiological data were systematically collected from registered PTB patients in Beijing Tuberculosis Prevention and Care System between January and December,2024 who met the study criteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for species identification of all strains. The Beijing genotype and non-Beijing genotype were identified using the RD105 deletion gene detection method,and ancient and modern Beijing genotypes were distinguished according to the integrity of the NTF region. Genotyping was conducted using 15-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR 15) analysis. The polymorphism and discriminatory power of each VNTR locus and the entire typing system were evaluated by the Hunter-Gaston Index (HGI) and the overall Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI). Meanwhile,the clustering of genotypes was observed,and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used to perform drug susceptibility testing for 4 first-line and 4 Group A anti-tuberculosis drugs. Results:Species identification and genotyping results of 923 strains showed that there were 922 strains of MTB and 1 strain of Mycobacterium africanum. Among the MTB strains,the Beijing genotype accounted for 90.89% (838/922),mainly dominated by the modern type (85.20%,714/838). MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed an HGDI value of 0.998,among which two loci,QUB11b (HGI=0.722) and QUB26 (HGI=0.639),exhibited high polymorphism and were key loci for distinguishing strains. All 230 clustered MTB strains were of the Beijing genotype,with a clustering rate of 24.95% (230/922),and 98.26% (226/230) of them were modern Beijing genotype. A total of 63 clusters were formed,and the largest cluster contained 29 strains,all of which were modern Beijing genotype. Drug resistance testing showed that isoniazid had the highest resistance rate (12.26% (113/922)),while ethambutol had the lowest (0.22%,2/922). The drug resistance rates of the Beijing genotype to isoniazid and levofloxacin (12.89% (108/838) and 9.79% (82/838),respectively) were significantly higher than those of the non-Beijing genotype (5.95% (5/84) and 2.38% (2/84),respectively). The modern type had a significantly lower drug resistantce rate to isoniazid (11.76% (84/714)) and rifampicin (5.18% (37/714)) than the ancient type (19.35% (24/124) and 11.29% (14/124)),with all differences being statistically significant (χ2=3.415,P=0.039;χ2=5.055,P=0.012;χ2=5.421,P=0.018;χ2=6.897,P=0.011). Conclusion:The modern Beijing genotype,characterized by high genetic diversity and transmission activity,is the dominant epidemic strain and the main genotype responsible for recent transmission of MTB in Beijing,with isoniazid resistance being the most prominent problem. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen molecular monitoring and transmission chain tracing of modern Beijing genotype strains,especially for drug-resistant strains.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Genotyping, Tandem repeat sequences, Tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant

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