基于CRISPR-Cas系统的结核分枝杆菌检测研究进展

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB)引起的结核病严重危害着全球的公共卫生安全。而传统的MTB检测方法如涂片、培养等,敏感度不足、耗时久、耐药检测滞后,制约了世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)“终结结核病流行”战略目标的实现。成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)技术以其高特异度和快速性,为MTB的检测带来了革新潜力。笔者系统梳理了CRISPR在MTB现场检测、耐药基因检测、多靶标联合检测中的最新研究进展,重点对现有研究中样本前处理复杂、试剂稳定性与基层适配性欠佳等问题进行了剖析,未来将聚焦于样本前处理简化与集成化、优化试剂冻干技术,为CRISPR-MTB的临床转化及结核病的精准防控提供参考。

关键词: 分枝杆菌,结核, CRISPR-Cas系统, 诊断技术, 分子生物学检测

Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), poses a severe threat to global public health security. However, traditional MTB detection methods, such as smear microscopy and bacterial culture, suffer from insufficient sensitivity, prolonged turnaround times, and delayed drug resistance detection, which have constrained the achievement of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s “End TB” strategy. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology, characterized by high specificity and rapidity, offers transformative potential for MTB testing. This review systematically outlines the latest research progress of CRISPR in MTB point-of-care testing, drug resistance gene detection, and multi-target combined testing. It highlights key challenges in current research, including complex sample pretreatment, poor reagent stability, and inadequate adaptability to primary healthcare settings. Future efforts should focus on simplifying and integrating sample pretreatment and optimizing reagent lyophilization techniques, aiming to provide references for the clinical translation of CRISPR-based MTB detection and the precise prevention and control of TB.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CRISPR-Cas system, Diagnose technology, Molecular diagnostic techniques

中图分类号:

黄震洋, 李文君, 孙岩松, 李浩. 基于CRISPR-Cas系统的结核分枝杆菌检测研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2026, 48(5): 707-715. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250449

Huang Zhenyang, Li Wenjun, Sun Yansong, Li Hao. Advances in CRISPR-Cas system-based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2026, 48(5): 707-715. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250449

图/表 1

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