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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 440-448.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230445

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

浙江省高校低年级大学生肺结核防治核心知识知晓及社会歧视的调查分析

李洋1, 陈彬2, 彭颖2, 陈馨仪2(), 蒋健敏2()   

  1. 1杭州师范大学公共卫生学院,杭州 311121
    2浙江省疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所,杭州 310051
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2024-04-10 发布日期:2024-04-01
  • 通信作者: 陈馨仪,蒋健敏 E-mail:chenxy@cdc.zj.cn;jmjiang@cdc.zj.cn
  • 基金资助:
    大学生志愿者结核病防控倡导及助力患者发现项目(0554);国家卫生健康委科学研究基金——浙江省卫生健康重大科技计划项目(WKJ-ZJ-2118);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2023KY642)

Investigation and analysis of social discrimination and awareness of pulmonary tuberculosis among junior college students in Zhejiang Province

Li Yang1, Chen Bin2, Peng Ying2, Chen Xinyi2(), Jiang Jianmin2()   

  1. 1School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
    2Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
  • Received:2023-12-15 Online:2024-04-10 Published:2024-04-01
  • Contact: Chen Xinyi,Jiang Jianmin E-mail:chenxy@cdc.zj.cn;jmjiang@cdc.zj.cn
  • Supported by:
    University Volunteers’ TB Prevention and Control Advocacy in Promoting Patient Finding Program(0554);The National-Zhejiang Health Commission Major S&T Project(WKJ-ZJ-2118);The Health Commission of Zhejiang Province(2023KY642)

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目的：了解浙江省高校低年级大学生肺结核防治核心知识知晓及社会歧视现况,为采取有效措施减少校园结核病歧视提供科学依据。方法：2022年5月1—20日,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对浙江省20所高校的低年级学生进行电子问卷调查,共发出4427份问卷,收回有效问卷4414份,分析对肺结核防治核心知识知晓情况及对结核病患者歧视态度的现况及其影响因素。结果：20所高校大一、大二大学生对肺结核防治核心知识的总知晓率为81.6%(28804/35312)。学生对“得肺结核后应到指定结核病定点医疗机构看病”这一核心信息的知晓率最高,为96.2%(4248/4414),而对“肺结核(肺痨)是慢性传染病”的知晓率最低,为51.0%(2251/4414)。全部调查对象中有641名(14.5%)对结核病患者持歧视态度,3773名(85.5%)对结核病患者持非歧视态度。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,相比于男生而言,女生对结核病患者不易产生歧视态度(OR=0.606,95%CI:0.497~0.739);相比于月均生活费≤500元的学生,月均生活费501~1000元(OR=0.514,95%CI:0.282~0.935)、1001~1500元(OR=0.459,95%CI:0.267~0.789)、1501~2000元(OR=0.436,95%CI:0.254~0.747)和>2000元(OR=0.492,95%CI:0.283~0.857)的学生对结核病患者的歧视态度相对更低;知晓“肺结核(肺痨)是慢性传染性疾病”(OR=0.801,95%CI:0.671~0.956),“咳嗽、咳痰2周以上或痰中带血应当怀疑得了肺结核”(OR=0.608,95%CI:0.448~0.825),“在校期间,出现肺结核可疑症状或被诊断为肺结核后,应当主动向学校报告,不隐瞒病情、不带病上课”(OR=0.405,95%CI:0.332~0.494),以及“早睡早起、饮食均衡、坚持锻炼可以提高身体抵抗力”(OR=0.639,95%CI:0.503~0.811)的调查对象对结核病患者的歧视态度明显低于其他人群。结论：浙江省高校大一、大二学生具备一定的结核病防控知识,但对肺结核的认知还不全面,且仍存在对结核病患者的歧视态度。学校应进一步加强对男生、月均生活费水平较低大学生的健康教育,并从入学初始开展理论和实践教育来改善学生对结核病患者的态度。

关键词: 结核, 学生, 偏见, 因素分析, 统计学

Abstract:

Objective: To understand the current situation and its influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) core knowledge awareness and discriminatory attitudes of first- and second-year college students towards PTB patients in Zhejiang Province, to provide a scientific basis for taking effective measures to reduce PTB discrimination in college. Methods: From May 1 to 20, 2022, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted on junior students in 20 colleges in Zhejiang Province using stratified cluster random sampling. A total of 4427 pieces of questionnaire were sent out, and 4414 valid ones were retrieved to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of students’ awareness of core knowledge of PTB prevention and treatment and their discriminatory attitudes towards TB patients. Results: The total awareness rate of the core knowledge of TB prevention and control among the freshmen and sophomores of the 20 colleges was 81.6% (28804/35312). College students had the highest awareness rate (96.2%, 4248/4414) for the core knowledge of “Patients should go to TB designated medical institutions after getting TB”, while the lowest awareness rate of the core knowledge was for “TB is a chronic infectious disease” (51.0%, 2251/4414).Among all respondents, 641 (14.5%) had a discriminatory attitude towards TB patients and 3773 (85.5%) had a non-discriminatory attitude towards TB patients. The results of multivariable analysis showed that female students were less prone to discriminatory attitudes towards TB patients compared to male students (OR=0.606, 95%CI:0.497-0.739); Compared with students with an average monthly living expenses ≤500 yuan, students with average monthly living expenses of 501-1000 yuan (OR=0.514, 95%CI: 0.282-0.935), 1001-1500 yuan (OR=0.459, 95%CI: 0.267-0.789), 1501-2000 yuan (OR=0.436, 95%CI: 0.254-0.747), and >2000 yuan (OR=0.492, 95%CI: 0.283-0.857) had a lower discriminatory attitude towards TB patients; Students knowing messages of “TB is a chronic infectious disease” (OR=0.801, 95%CI: 0.671-0.956), “Coughing or expectoration for more than 2 weeks or having blood in sputum should be suspected for having TB” (OR=0.608, 95%CI: 0.448-0.825), “During staying in school, if having suspicious symptoms of PTB or being diagnosed with PTB, student should actively report this to the school authority, and do not conceal their illness or go to class with illness” (OR=0.405, 95%CI: 0.332-0.494), “Go to bed early and get up early, keep a balanced diet, exercise persistently can improve physical resistance” (OR=0.639, 95%CI: 0.503-0.811)had significantly lower discriminatory attitude towards TB patients than the rest of the survey participants. Conclusion: Freshmen and sophomores in colleges in Zhejiang Province have certain knowledge of TB prevention and control, but their understanding of TB is not comprehensive, and there are still discriminatory attitudes towards TB patients. Schools should further strengthen health education for male students and college students with low average monthly living expenses, and carry out theoretical and practical education from the beginning of enrollment to improve students’ attitudes towards TB patients.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Students, Prejudice, Factor analysis,statistical

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