脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖的结构功能及其在结核病诊断中的应用

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌复合群引发的人畜共患病,甘露糖帽修饰的脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖(mannose-capped-lipoarabinomannan,ManLAM)是结核分枝杆菌细胞壁上重要的成分,具有免疫调节作用,能够被固有细胞和适应性细胞所识别。作为结核病诊断的生物标记物,存在于体液的ManLAM具有较好的特异性,有区分结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染和活动性结核病的潜力,对于不能获取痰液的结核病患者也具有一定的检测价值。笔者系统介绍ManLAM的结构、生物合成及ManLAM的相关抗体等,并对其在结核病诊断中的研究进展进行总结,以期为结核病诊断技术的研发提供参考。

关键词: 甘露聚糖类, 分枝杆菌,结核, 诊断, 综述文献(主题)

Abstract:

Tuberculosis is a significant zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mannose-capped-lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM), an essential glycolipid component of the cell wall, has immunomodulatory effects and is recognized by intrinsic cells and adaptive cells. ManLAM in body fluids is a biomarker with good specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and has the potential ability to differentiate the latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis. It also plays a certain role in detecting tuberculosis patients whose sputum could not be obtained. This article mainly introduces the structure, biosynthesis, and the related antibodies of ManLAM and summarizes the research progress in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, in order to provide reference for the development of tuberculosis diagnostic technology.

Key words: Mannans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Diagnosis, Review literature as topic

中图分类号:

R392.1
R52

唐明慧, 李浩. 脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖的结构功能及其在结核病诊断中的应用[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2022, 44(11): 1205-1212. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220276

Tang Minghui, Li Hao. Structure and function of lipoarabinomannan and its application in tuberculosis diagnosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2022, 44(11): 1205-1212. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220276

图/表 4

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抗体名称	抗体来源	亚型	筛选方式	菌株及其抗原	识别表位	交叉反应	检测限	参考文献
CS-35	鼠源性抗体	IgG3	杂交瘤技术	麻风分枝杆菌全细胞以及粗提糖脂	LAM、LM、AM的Ara6(优先)、Ara4、Ara5	同时识别ManLAM和LepLAM,但不识别PILAM	12 pg/ml	[44]
CS-40	鼠源性抗体	IgG3	杂交瘤技术	从结核分枝杆菌毒株Erdman纯化的LAM	Manp、MTX衍生物为帽的Ara4和Ara6结构	识别ManLAM和PILAM	-	[47]
906.7	鼠源性抗体	IgG3	杂交瘤技术	麻风分枝杆菌	不加帽的Ara4和Ara6	识别PILAM和LepLAM,对ManLAM识别较弱	2ng/ml	[46]
FIND28	鼠源性抗体	IgG1	杂交瘤技术	结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv	Ara6的Man帽	识别ManLAM,能区分非结核分枝杆菌	6pg/ml	[24]
My2F12	人鼠嵌合抗体	IgG1	噬菌体展示技术	-	含α-(1→2)Manp	识别ManLAM,不识别PILAM	2ng/ml	[42]
MoAb1	兔源性抗体	IgG1	噬菌体展示技术	卡介苗	MTX修饰的Man2和Man3帽	只识别ManLAM	12pg/ml	[26]
S4-20	兔源性抗体	IgG1	噬菌体展示技术	卡介苗	结核分枝杆菌H37Ra的MTX修饰的Man2帽	识别ManLAM,能区分非结核分枝杆菌	11pg/ml	[8]
BJRbL01	兔源性抗体	IgG	噬菌体展示技术	结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv的细胞壁	-	识别ManLAM,能区分非结核分枝杆菌	100pg/ml	[49]
T1AM04	人源性抗体	IgG1	单个B细胞筛选技术	结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv	AM的Ara4和Ara6的Man3	识别ManLAM,能区分非结核分枝杆菌	10μg/ml	[48]
T1AM09	人源性抗体	IgG1	单个B细胞筛选技术	结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv	AM的阿拉伯糖苷区域	识别ManLAM,能区分非结核分枝杆菌	-	[47]
A194	人源性抗体	IgG1	单个B细胞筛选技术	结核分枝杆菌	Ara4、Ara6、Manp残基	识别ManLAM、LepLAM、PILAM	13pg/ml	[46]

检测样本	检测方法	样本处理	信号放大工具	捕获和检测抗体	检测限	参考文献
血清	ELISA与SERS	高氯酸	AuNP和ERL	906.7	2ng/ml	[57]
尿液	夹心ELISA	蓝藻凝集素、磁珠孵育	蓝藻凝集素	FIND25、FIND28、FIND170	1.14ng/ml	[63]
尿液	夹心ELISA	蛋白酶K	水凝胶纳米笼铜络合物染料	CS35、CHCS9-08 IgG3、A194	3ng/ml	[64]
尿液与血清	ECL免疫测试	热灭活	-	FIND28和S4-20	10pg/ml	[33]
尿液	FLISA	-	等离子体光栅	BPM101和BPM102	1fg/ml	[65]
尿液	生物感受器	-	AuNP	抗ManLAM的IgG和IgM	1~10fg/ml	[66]