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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 783-789.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.08.006

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

GeneXpert MTB/RIF技术对宁夏地区快速发现肺结核及利福平耐药患者的应用效果评价

刘静, 肖慧霞, 田晓梅, 王福锐, 田旭升, 王晓平, 陈敏, 雷娟, 王晓林()   

  1. 750021 银川,宁夏回族自治区第四人民医院
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-11 出版日期:2021-08-10 发布日期:2021-07-30
  • 通信作者: 王晓林 E-mail:wxldyj9662@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国国家卫生健康委员会-比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会结核病防治合作项目(OPP1137180);宁夏自然科学基金(2020AAC03433)

Evaluation of using GeneXpert MTB/RIF technology in rapid detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in Ningxia

LIU Jing, XIAO Hui-xia, TIAN Xiao-mei, WANG Fu-rui, TIAN Xu-sheng, WANG Xiao-ping, CHEN Min, LEI Juan, WANG Xiao-lin()   

  1. The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2021-05-11 Online:2021-08-10 Published:2021-07-30
  • Contact: WANG Xiao-lin E-mail:wxldyj9662@163.com

摘要:

目的 评价GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“GeneXpert”)检测技术对宁夏回族自治区(简称“宁夏”)快速发现肺结核及耐药患者的应用效果。方法 从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《结核病信息管理系统》中导出2016年和2018—2020年宁夏活动性肺结核患者病案,获得各年度各地区应用GeneXpert检测活动性肺结核患者例数及结果等相关数据,就宁夏地区应用GeneXpert检测技术前后,对肺结核患者快速诊断及耐利福平患者发现的变化进行分析评价。结果 2016年、2018—2020年各年度GeneXpert检测率分别为22.55%(537/2381)、69.65%(1641/2356)、87.36%(2004/2294)、89.78%(1634/1820),年度间差异有统计学意义(χ2=2929.500,P=0.000);2018—2020年,全宁夏地区GeneXpert平均检测率为81.59%(5279/6470),约为2016年(22.55%,537/2381)的4倍。2016年全自治区五市检测率显示:银川市为25.77%(158/613),石嘴山市为23.53%(32/136),吴忠市为22.80%(140/614),固原市为18.62%(105/564),中卫市为22.47%(102/454);2018—2020年全自治区五市平均检测率显示:银川市为89.29%(1776/1989),石嘴山市为84.47%(555/657),吴忠市为79.44%(1163/1464),固原市为70.01%(810/1157),中卫市为81.05%(975/1203),各市GeneXpert检测率差异有统计学意义(χ2=190.245,P=0.000)。2018—2020年,通过GeneXpert检测,病原学阳性率达到57.51%(3721/6470),为2016年[36.20%(862/2381)]的1.6倍;差异有统计学意义(χ2=359.543,P=0.000)。在涂阴活动性肺结核患者中发现了583例GeneXpert阳性患者,占病原学阳性患者的比例为15.67%(583/3721)。2016年、2018—2020年间,通过GeneXpert检测发现耐利福平患者291例,占4年间总耐利福平患者数的97.32%(291/299),并且在涂阴患者中发现了21.40%(64/299)的耐利福平患者。结论 GeneXpert检测技术覆盖了整个宁夏,提高了GeneXpert检测率,使患者发现尤其是涂阴患者的发现及耐药检出率大大提升。

关键词: 结核,肺, 核酸扩增技术, 对比研究, 宁夏

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the application effect of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert for short) technology in rapid detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and drug-resistant PTB patients in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia). Methods Medical records of active PTB patients in Ningxia in 2016 and 2018—2020 were derived from the Tuberculosis Management Information System, a subsystem of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Numbers and results of active PTB patients detected by GeneXpert in each city in each year were obtained. The changes of rapid diagnosis of PTB patients and discovery of rifampicin resistance in them before and after the application of GeneXpert detection technology were analyzed and evaluated. Results The percentage of using GeneXpert for detection (application rate) in 2016, 2018—2020 were 22.55% (537/2381), 69.65% (1641/2356), 87.36% (2004/2294) and 89.78% (1634/1820), respectively. The annual difference was statistically significant (χ2=2929.500, P=0.000). From 2018 to 2020, the average application rate was 81.59% (5279/6470), which was about four times of that in 2016 (22.55%, 537/2381). In 2016, the application rate of five cities in the region were as follows: 25.77% (158/613) in Yinchuan City, 23.53% (32/136) in Shizuishan City, 22.80% (140/614) in Wuzhong City, 18.62% (105/564) in Guyuan City, 22.47% (102/454) in Zhongwei City, while the average rates from 2018 to 2020 were: 89.29% (1776/1989) in Yinchuan, 84.47% (555/657) in Shizuishan, 79.44% (1163/1464) in Wuzhong, 70.01% (810/1157) in Guyuan, 81.05% (975/1203) in Zhongwei. There was statistical significance among cities (χ2=190.245, P=0.000). From 2018 to 2020, through GeneXpert detection, the etiological positive rate reached 57.51% (3721/6470), which was 1.6 times of that in 2016 (36.20%, 862/2381). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=359.543, P=0.000). Among patients with smear negative results, 583 cases were GeneXpert positive, accounting for 15.67% (583/3721) of all etiological positive cases. In 2016 and 2018 to 2020, 291 rifampicin resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients were detected by GeneXpert, accounting for 97.32% (291/299) of all RR-TB patients, and 21.40% (64/299) of those RR-TB patients were found in smear negative patients. Conclusion GeneXpert detection technology has covered the whole Ninxia region. Application of GeneXpert has greatly improved the detection rate of patients, especially for smear negative and RR-TB patients.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Nucleic acid amplification techniques, Comparative study, Ningxia