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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 1454-1458.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250131

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

一起基层养老院结核病聚集性疫情调查分析

马樱子1, 代晓琦2(), 张扬3, 何涛4, 耿海洋3, 李仁忠5   

  1. 1河北省承德市疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科,承德 067000
    2山东省青岛市疾病预防控制中心结核病防制所,青岛 266000
    3河北省承德市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,承德市 067000
    4河北省承德市承德县疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科,承德 067000
    5中国防痨协会,北京 100710
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-10-30
  • 通信作者: 代晓琦 E-mail:daixiaoqi28@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    2026年河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20261276)

Investigation and analysis of a tuberculosis cluster outbreak in a primary elderly care facility

Ma Yingzi1, Dai Xiaoqi2(), Zhang Yang3, He Tao4, Geng Haiyang3, Li Renzhong5   

  1. 1Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Department, Chengde City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hebei Province, Chengde 067000, China
    2Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Department, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266000, China
    3Immunization Planning Department, Chengde City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hebei Province, Chengde 067000, China
    4Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Department, Chengde County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hebei Province, Chengde 067000, China
    5Chinese Antituberculosis Association,Beijing 100710, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-10-30
  • Contact: Dai Xiaoqi E-mail:daixiaoqi28@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Hebei Medical Science Research Project Plan 2026(20261276)

摘要:

目的: 对一起基层养老院结核病聚集性疫情的流行病学特征和处置情况进行分析,为重点场所结核病疫情防控提供参考。方法: 2021年4月15日浏览“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”发现河北省承德市某基层养老院2例肺结核患者后,对该养老院进行现场流行病学调查和疫情处置。本次疫情随访观察40个月,共开展11轮筛查,筛查内容包括肺结核可疑症状筛查、结核分枝杆菌感染检测、胸部X线检查,以及实验室检查等。对疫情情况和处置过程运用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果: 该养老院老年人和工作人员共324名,发现肺结核患者36例、结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者116例。其中,发现首发2例患者后,组织第一轮筛查发现23例肺结核患者,所占比例为69.44%(25/36),随访至第18个月发现11例肺结核患者;第18个月以后未再发现患者。接受预防性治疗的结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者51例(43.97%)。结论: 基层养老院是结核病高发场所,应每日对基层养老院开展主动监测,发现肺结核患者应立即开展流行病学调查和疫情处置,对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者积极开展预防性治疗,并延长随访观察时间。

关键词: 结核,肺/预防和控制, 老人养老院, 老年人, 疾病暴发流行, 接触者追踪

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and response measures of a tuberculosis (TB) cluster outbreak in a grassroots nursing home, and summarize the experience in managing TB outbreaks among special populations in key settings, and provide references for TB prevention and control in similar institutions. Methods: On April 15, 2021, the disease control agency identified two pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a grassroots nursing home through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, prompting immediate on-site epidemiological investigation and outbreak response. The outbreak was monitored for 40 months, during which 11 rounds of screening were performed. The screening included assessments for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection testing, chest X-ray examinations, and laboratory tests. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze case characteristics and intervention processes. Results: Among 324 elderly residents and staff in the nursing home, 36 active pulmonary tuberculosis cases were identified, along with 116 latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cases. The first screening round after the initial two index cases detected 23 additional pulmonary tuberculosis cases (69.44%, 25/36), while 11 more cases were identified during 18 months of follow-up. No further cases were detected after 18 months. Comorbidities were common among residents, and the uptake of preventive chemotherapy was low (51 cases, 43.97%). Conclusion: Grassroots nursing homes were places with high incidence of tuberculosis. Active monitoring should be carried out every day in grassroots nursing homes. Epidemiological investigation and epidemic situation disposal should be carried out immediately when pulmonary tuberculosis patients were found. Preventive treatment should be actively carried out for those with LTBI, and follow-up observation time should be extended.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/prevention and control, Homes for the aged, Aged, Cluster outbreak, Contact tracking

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