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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 756-760.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.07.016

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省农村居民肺结核防治知识抽样调查结果分析

王彦富,张淑娥,时宇,谢奉哲,王景慧,王真,张家睿,殷东,翟春城()   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院(时宇、谢奉哲、王景慧、王真、张家睿、殷东、翟春城)
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-08 出版日期:2018-07-10 发布日期:2018-09-07
  • 通信作者: 翟春城 E-mail:158553168@qq.com

Sampling survey of knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and treatment on rural population in Heilongjiang province

Yan-fu WANG,Shu-e ZHANG,Yu SHI,Feng-zhe XIE,Jing-hui WANG,Zhen WANG,Jia-rui ZHANG,Dong YIN,Chun-cheng ZHAI()   

  1. Control Center of Drug Resistance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Harbin 150036, China
  • Received:2018-05-08 Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-09-07
  • Contact: Chun-cheng ZHAI E-mail:158553168@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解黑龙江地区农村居民肺结核防治知识掌握、疾病信念持有与疾病防治行为现状,并分析肺结核防治核心知识知晓现状的影响因素。方法 本研究采用分层抽样方法,根据地域空间分布,于2016年8—12月间,抽取黑龙江省5个县(市)共计30个自然村的1100名居民进行问卷调查。问卷内容主要包括:人口学信息问卷、肺结核防治核心知识与肺结核防治行为问卷等。共发放1100份问卷,回收有效问卷941份,有效回收率为85.5%。采用描述性统计方法调查样本人群结核病防治知识“知信行”现状,采用logistic回归分析进行肺结核防治核心知识知晓情况的影响因素分析。结果 黑龙江省农村地区居民肺结核防治知识总知晓率为66.0%(3105/4705)。单因素分析结果显示,初中及同等学历、人均年收入≥1.2万元及不吸烟的农村居民对肺结核防治知识的知晓率更高[知晓率分别为57.4%(221/385)、57.5%(348/605)、55.2%(345/625)],差异有统计学意义(χ 2值分别为30.80、14.24和4.08,P值均<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,初中及同等学历者(以未上学为参照,OR=2.13,95%CI:1.31~3.44;P=0.002)、人均年收入≥1.2万元者(以人均年收入<1.2万元参照,OR=0.69,95%CI:0.52~0.91;P=0.010)对肺结核防治知识的知晓率更高。描述性分析显示,刻意疏远肺结核患者的农村居民有319名(33.9%),主动了解肺结核知识的农村居民有606名(64.4%),主动为他人讲解肺结核知识的农村居民有580名(61.6%)。 结论 黑龙江省农村居民肺结核防治知识知晓率较低,结核病防治部门应重视对文化程度较低的贫困农村居民进行精准的知识宣传与健康教育。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 农村人口, 健康知识, 态度, 实践, 问卷调查, 因素分析, 统计学

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status of health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment among rural population in Heilongjiang province and to test the influencing factors of health KAP about TB prevention and treatment.Methods Based on the geographical distribution, stratified sampling and questionnaires were used to collect data from rural population in 30 villages from 5 counties in Heilongjiang province from August 2016 to December 2016. The items of the questionnaire mainly included demographic characteristics, and KAP about TB prevention and treatment. A total of 1100 questionnaires were distributed and 941 participants provided valid data (the rate of response=85.5%). Current status and influencing factors of health KAP about TB prevention and treatment were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results The rate of awareness of TB prevention and treatment knowledge among rural population in Heilongjiang province was 66.0% (3105/4705). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the population with junior high school and equivalent education, annual income per capita more than 12 thousand yuan, and non-smoking had a higher rate of awareness of TB prevention and treatment knowledge (57.4% (221/385),57.5% (348/605),55.2% (345/625)). The difference was statistically significant (χ 2 values were 30.80, 14.24 and 4.08, respectively. All P values were less than 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further showed that the rural population with junior high school and equivalent education (taking unschooled as reference, OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.31-3.44; P=0.002) and annual income per capita more than 12 thousand yuan (taking income <12 thousand yuan as reference, OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.52-0.91; P=0.010) had a higher rate of awareness of TB prevention and treatment knowledge. Descriptive statistics showed that the number of rural population who will intentionally alienate TB patients was 319 (33.9%), the number of rural population who will actively understand TB knowledge was 606 (64.4%), the number of rural population who will take the initiative to explain TB knowledge to others was 580 (61.6%). Conclusion The awareness rate of TB prevention and treatment among rural population in Heilongjiang province is low. Then the department of TB prevention and treatment should pay attention to the poor peasants who have a low cultural level and make some targeted propaganda to them.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Rural population, Health knowledge, attitudes and practice, Questionnaires, Factor analysis, Statistical