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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 57-63.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250264

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2023年宁夏地区MTB/HIV双重感染者发现及治疗转归分析

田晓梅, 蒋学峰, 杨霞, 沙小兰, 雷娟, 王晓炜, 刘静()   

  1. 宁夏回族自治区第四人民医院,银川750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2025-12-31
  • 通信作者: 刘静 E-mail:liujingnx@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区卫生健康系统科研课题(2025-NWZC-B012);宁夏回族自治区卫生健康系统科研课题(2024-NWZC-B010);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022CMG03110)

Analysis of case detection and anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV co-infected patients in Ningxia from 2015 to 2023

Tian Xiaomei, Jiang Xuefeng, Yang Xia, Sha Xiaolan, Lei Juan, Wang Xiaowei, Liu Jing()   

  1. The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • Received:2025-06-20 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: Liu Jing E-mail:liujingnx@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Research Project on the Health System of the Autonomous Region(2025-NWZC-B012);Research Project on the Health System of the Autonomous Region(2024-NWZC-B010);Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Ningxiaxia Hui Autonomous Region(2022CMG03110)

摘要:

目的: 了解和分析宁夏地区肺结核患者与HIV/AIDS患者进行双向筛查及MTB/HIV双重感染者抗结核治疗情况,为制定MTB/HIV双重感染防控措施提供可靠依据。方法: 通过《MTB/HIV双重感染防治管理工作年度报表》收集2015—2023年宁夏地区HIV/AIDS人群接受结核病相关检查情况;通过 “中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“监测报告管理系统”和“疾病预防控制综合管理系统”获得2015—2023年MTB/HIV双重感染患者登记信息和全人群人口数,对肺结核患者与HIV/AIDS患者进行双向筛查,并分析MTB/HIV双重感染者抗结核治疗情况。结果: 2015—2023年,宁夏新登记和随访HIV/AIDS患者接受胸部X线摄片(简称“胸片”)或痰检率为90.66%(16630/18343),其中2015年新登记和随访HIV/AIDS患者接受胸片或痰检率为85.29%(574/673),2023年为94.50%(2923/3093),不同年份胸片或痰检率呈波动上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ 2=435.673,P<0.01);诊断肺结核患者数53例,检出率为0.32%(53/16630)。其中新登记HIV/AIDS患者接受胸片或痰检率为88.98%(2552/2868),共发现26例肺结核患者,肺结核患者检出率为1.02%(26/2552);既往随访到的HIV/AIDS患者接受胸片或痰检率为90.97%(14078/15475),共发现27例肺结核患者,肺结核患者检出率为0.19%(27/14078),2015年的检出率为0.76%(3/397),下降至2023年的0.19%(5/2596),肺结核检出率呈波动下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ 2=17.439,P<0.05)。2015年肺结核患者接受HIV抗体检测率为42.22%(1097/2598),未检出HIV阳性患者,2023年肺结核患者接受HIV抗体检测率为59.49%(1317/2214),HIV检出率为0.30%(4/1317),不同年份肺结核患者接受HIV抗体检测率差异有统计学意义(χ2=246.475,P<0.01),接受HIV检测的肺结核患者10427例,HIV阳性检出率为0.14%(15/10427)。MTB/HIV双重感染登记率从2015年的0.05/10万(3/6615400)上升到2023年的0.19/10万(14/7283400),各年份登记率呈波动上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ 2=20.186,P<0.01)。MTB/HIV双重感染者成功治疗率为69.12%(47/68);其他占5.88%(4/68);转入利福平耐药治疗占7.35%(5/68);死亡占17.65%(12/68)。结论: 2015—2023年,宁夏地区 HIV/AIDS 患者结核病筛查率较高,但肺结核患者HIV检测率和 MTB/HIV 双重感染患者抗结核治疗成功率需进一步提升。

关键词: 分枝杆菌, 结核, HIV感染, 治疗结果, 宁夏地区

Abstract:

Objective: To understand and analyze the bidirectional screening of tuberculosis (TB) patients and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) as well as the anti-tuberculosis treatment status of patients with MTB/HIV coinfection in Ningxia, so as to provide a reliable basis for formulating prevention and control measures for MTB/HIV coinfection. Methods: Data on tuberculosis-related examinations received by PLHIV in Ningxia from 2015 to 2023 was collected through the Annual Report Form on the Prevention and Control Management of MTB/HIV Coinfection; Registration information of patients with MTB/HIV coinfection and the total population data from 2015 to 2023 were obtained via the “Surveillance Report Management System” and “Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention Management System”, which are subsystems of the “China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention”. Bidirectional screening was conducted among tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS patients, and the status of anti-tuberculosis treatment for patients with MTB/HIV coinfection was analyzed. Results: From 2015 to 2023, the rate of newly registered and followed-up PLHIV in Ningxia receiving chest X-ray or sputum examination was 90.66% (16630/18343). Specifically, the rate was 85.29% (574/673) in 2015 and 94.50% (2923/3093) in 2023, and the rates showed a fluctuating upward trend over the years, with a statistically significant difference (χ t r e n d 2=435.673, P<0.01). A total of 53 tuberculosis (TB) cases were diagnosed, with a detection rate of 0.32% (53/16630). Among them, the rate of chest X-ray or sputum examination among newly registered PLHIV was 88.98% (2552/2868), and 26 TB cases were identified, resulting in a TB detection rate of 1.02% (26/2552). For previously followed-up PLHIV, the rate of chest X-ray or sputum examination was 90.97% (14078/15475), with 27 TB cases detected (TB detection rate: 0.19%, 27/14078). The TB detection rate was 0.76% (3/397) in 2015 and 0.19% (5/2596) in 2023, showing a fluctuating downward trend over the years with a statistically significant difference (χ t r e n d 2=17.439,P<0.05). In 2015, the rate of HIV antibody test among TB patients was 42.22% (1097/2598), with no HIV-positive cases detected. In 2023, the rate was 59.49% (1317/2214), and the HIV detection rate was 0.30% (4/1317). There was a statistically significant difference across different years (χ2=246.475, P<0.01). A total of 10427 TB patients underwent HIV test, with an HIV-positive detection rate of 0.14% (15/10427). The registration rate of MTB/HIV coinfection increased from 0.05/100000 (3/6615400) in 2015 to 0.19/100000 (14/7283400) in 2023, showing a fluctuating upward trend over the years with a statistically significant difference (χ t r e n d 2=20.186, P<0.01). Among MTB/HIV coinfected patients, the treatment success rate was 69.12% (47/68), other outcomes accounted for 5.88% (4/68), transfer to rifampicin-resistant TB treatment accounted for 7.35% (5/68), and the mortality rate was 17.65% (12/68). Conclusion: From 2015 to 2023, the MTB screening rate among PLHIV in Ningxia was relatively high. However, the HIV test rate among tuberculosis (TB) patients and the anti-tuberculosis treatment success rate for patients with MTB/HIV coinfection need to be further improved.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV infections, Treatment outcome, Ningxia region

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