艾滋病合并结核病的新型检测技术研究进展

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20260060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

艾滋病合并结核病构成了全球健康领域的一个重大公共卫生挑战,这两种疾病之间复杂的相互作用加速了各自疾病的进展,大大增加了患者的住院率及死亡率。对于HIV感染或者艾滋病患者而言,结核病的早期诊断对于及时开展抗结核治疗和改善预后至关重要,而结核病的相关检测技术在诊断中起到了关键性的作用。目前世界卫生组织依然将病原学检查作为确诊结核病的主要方法,但由于其敏感度及特异度受人类免疫状态的影响,诊断价值受限。近年来,免疫学方法、分子诊断技术及影像与人工智能辅助诊断技术等新型诊断技术迅速发展,在艾滋病合并结核病患者中体现出较高的敏感度及特异度,为提高诊断的准确性提供了有力的支持。笔者系统综述艾滋病合并结核病的新型诊断策略,包括分子诊断技术、新兴免疫学方法、非传统标本检测策略及影像学与人工智能辅助诊断等,为艾滋病合并结核病患者早发现、早期诊断提供一定的临床价值。

关键词: 获得性免疫缺陷综合征, 结核, 共病现象, 诊断, 鉴别

Abstract:

HIV-associated tuberculosis constitutes a major public health challenge in global health field, and the complex interaction between these two diseases accelerates the progression of each, significantly increasing the hospitalization and mortality of patients. Among people living with HIV, the early diagnosis of tuberculosis is crucial for timely anti-tuberculosis treatment and improved prognosis, and the relevant tuberculosis detection techniques play an essential role. Currently, the World Health Organization regards bacteriological testing as the key method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, the diagnostic value is limited due to the influence of the human immune status on the sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, novel diagnostic techniques such as immunological methods, molecular diagnostic techniques, and imaging and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic techniques have developed rapidly and shown high sensitivity and specificity in the population with HIV/TB, providing strong support for improving the accuracy of diagnosis. This paper systematically reviews the novel diagnostic strategies for HIV/TB coinfection, including molecular diagnostic, emerging immunological methods, non-conventional specimen testing techniques, and imaging and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, etc., providing a certain clinical value for the early detection and diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis.

Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Tuberculosis, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, differential

中图分类号:

宋觉敏, 石亮, 梁变香, 康慧. 艾滋病合并结核病的新型检测技术研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2026, 48(9): 1436-1443. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20260060

Song Juemin, Shi Liang, Liang Bianxiang, Kang Hui. Research progress on novel detection techniques for HIV-associated tuberculosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2026, 48(9): 1436-1443. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20260060

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