肺癌共病耐药肺结核患者的临床特征及生存分析

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250462

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析肺癌共病耐药肺结核(lung cancer concurrent with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis,LC+DR-PTB)患者的临床特征与生存预后,探讨影响其预后的因素。方法: 采用回顾性队列研究方法,纳入西安市胸科医院2020年1月至2025年3月收治的223例肺癌患者,分为单纯肺癌组(lung cancer,LC;126例)、肺癌共病药物敏感肺结核组(lung cancer concurrent with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis,LC+DS-PTB;82例)和LC+DR-PTB组(15例)。收集患者临床资料,采用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM),PSM匹配后LC组54例、LC+DS-PTB组51例、LC+DR-PTB组15例,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,log-rank检验比较组间生存差异,Cox比例风险回归模型分析预后影响因素。结果: PSM匹配前基线临床特征比较:相比于LC组,LC+DR-PTB组东部肿瘤协作组体能状态评分(ECOG)差[1(1,1)对比1(1,2);U=521.500,P=0.001],体质量指数(BMI)低[(22.40±3.54)kg/m²对比(19.84±4.23)kg/m²;t=2.610,P=0.010],合并肺部基础疾病多[7.9%(10/126)对比33.3%(5/15);Fisher确切概率法,P=0.011]。PSM匹配后三组中位总生存时间(median overall survival,mOS)分别为60.0个月(LC组)、36.0个月(LC+DS-PTB组)和30.3个月(LC+DR-PTB组),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.019,P=0.049)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,共病药物敏感肺结核[HR(95%CI):3.288(1.448~7.466)]、共病耐药肺结核[HR(95%CI):4.446(1.500~13.176)]、年龄≥65岁[HR(95%CI):2.957(1.100~7.946)]和有肺外基础疾病[HR(95%CI):2.428(1.107~5.326)]为肺癌总生存(overall survival,OS)的独立危险因素;手术[HR(95%CI):0.162(0.034~0.762)]为肺癌OS的独立保护因素。LC+DR-PTB组以利福平单耐药最常见(40.0%,6/15),治疗成功率仅为33.3%(5/15);复治比例达46.7%(7/15),明显高于LC+DS-PTB组的13.7%(7/51),差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.011);诊断延迟时间为23(6,33)d,明显高于LC+DS-PTB组[6(4,17)]d,差异有统计学意义(U=212.500,P=0.046);治疗延迟时间为6(3,12)d,明显高于LC+DS-PTB组[1(0,5)d],差异有统计学意义(U=152.500,P=0.006)。结论: LC+DR-PTB患者临床特征复杂,常表现为更差的基线ECOG评分及BMI,合并肺部基础疾病多;活动性肺结核诊断与治疗常存在明显延迟,结核病治疗成功率低,复治率高;共病状态是影响肺癌患者总生存的独立危险因素,预后不良。

关键词: 肺肿瘤, 结核, 肺, 抗药性, 共病现象, 预后

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and survival prognosis of patients with lung cancer concurrent with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (LC+DR-PTB), and to explore the factors influencing their prognosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 223 patients admitted to Xi’an Chest Hospital from January 2020 to March 2025. They were divided into three groups: the lung cancer group (LC group, n=126), the lung cancer concurrent with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis group (LC+DS-PTB group, n=82), and the lung cancer concurrent with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis group (LC+DR-PTB group, n=15). Clinical characteristics of those patients were collected, and conduct matching using the propensity score matching (PSM) method, after matching, there were 54 cases in the LC group, 51 cases in the LC+DS-PTB group, and 15 cases in the LC+DR-PTB group. The survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival differences between groups were compared using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results: Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics before PSM: compared with the LC group, the LC+DR-PTB group had poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG)(1 (1, 1) vs. 1 (1, 2); U=521.500, P=0.001), lower body mass index (BMI)((22.40±3.54) kg/m² vs. (19.84±4.23) kg/m²; t=2.610, P=0.010), and a higher proportion of underlying lung diseases (7.9% (10/126) vs. 33.3% (5/15); Fisher’s exact test, P=0.011). After PSM, the median overall survival (mOS) was 60.0 months in the LC group, 36.0 months in the LC+DS-PTB group, and 30.3 months in the LC+DR-PTB group, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=6.019, P=0.049). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that coexisting sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (HR (95%CI): 3.288 (1.448-7.466)) and coexisting drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (HR (95%CI): 4.446 (1.500-13.176)), age ≥65 (HR (95%CI): 2.957 (1.100-7.946)) and underlying diseases (HR (95%CI): 2.428 (1.107-5.326)) were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) of lung cancer; surgical treatment (HR (95%CI): 0.162 (0.034-0.762)) was an independent protective factor for OS of lung cancer. In the LC+DR-PTB group, rifampicin resistance pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common (40.0%, 6/15), with a treatment success rate of only 33.3% (5/15). The retreatment rate was 46.7% (7/15), which was significantly higher than 13.7% (7/51) in the LC+DS-PTB group (Fisher’s exact test, P=0.011). The diagnostic delay was 23 (6, 33) days, significantly longer than 6 (4, 17) days in the LC+DS-PTB group (U=212.500, P=0.046). The treatment delay was 6 (3, 12) days, significantly longer than 1 (0, 5) days in the LC+DS-PTB group (U=152.500, P=0.006). Conclusion: LC+DR-PTB patients have complex clinical features, often presenting with poorer baseline ECOG scores and BMI, and often accompanied by underlying pulmonary diseases. The diagnosis and treatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis often have obvious delay, and the success rate of tuberculosis treatment is low, and the retreatment rate is high. Comorbidity status is an independent risk factor affecting the overall survival of lung cancer patients and has a poor prognosis.

Key words: Lung neoplasms, Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Drug resistance, Comorbidity, Prognosis

中图分类号:

R734.2
R521

张姗姗, 韩亚轩, 张小燕, 李建英, 任斐, 张耀辉, 杨海霞. 肺癌共病耐药肺结核患者的临床特征及生存分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2026, 48(5): 641-650. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250462

Zhang Shanshan, Han Yaxuan, Zhang Xiaoyan, Li Jianying, Ren Fei, Zhang Yaohui, Yang Haixia. Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of patients with lung cancer concurrent with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2026, 48(5): 641-650. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250462

图/表 6

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特征	LC组 (126例)	LC+DS-PTB组 (82例)	LC+DR-PTB组 (15例)	统计检验值	P值
平均年龄(岁,$\overline{x}$±s)	63.71±9.94	64.61±9.39	67.40±13.29	F=0.984	0.376
男性[例(构成比,%)]	74(58.7)	72(87.8)^a	12(80.0)	χ²=20.980	<0.001
吸烟史[例(构成比,%)]	37(29.4)	29(35.4)	7(46.7)	χ²=2.230	0.328
ECOG评分[分,M(Q₁,Q₃)]	1(1,1)	1(1,1)	1(1,2)^bc	H=13.950	0.001
BMI(kg/m²,$\overline{x}$±s)	22.40±3.54	21.80±3.61	19.84±4.23^b	F=3.616	0.029
合并肺外基础疾病[例(比例,%)]^d	52(41.3)	43(52.4)	5(33.3)	χ²=3.367	0.186
合并肺部基础疾病[例(比例,%)]^e	10(7.9)	13(15.9)	5(33.3)^b	χ²=9.159	0.010
病理类型(非小细胞肺癌)[例(比例,%)]	107(82.5)	74(90.2)	14(93.3)	χ²=1.790	0.409
肿瘤分期(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)[例(比例,%)]	93(73.8)	70(85.4)	12(80.0)	χ²=3.949	0.139
治疗方式[例(比例,%)]
手术	28(22.2)	16(19.5)	4(26.7)	χ²=0.468	0.792
化疗	86(68.3)	61(74.4)	9(60.0)	χ²=1.648	0.439
胸部放疗	46(36.5)	28(34.1)	2(13.3)	χ²=3.205	0.201
靶向治疗	54(42.9)	34(41.5)	8(53.3)	χ²=0.733	0.693
免疫治疗^f	42(33.3)	27(32.9)	2(13.3)	χ²=2.541	0.281

特征	LC组 (54例)	LC+DS-PTB组 (51例)	LC+DR-PTB组 (15例)	统计检验值	P值
平均年龄(岁,$\overline{x}$±s)	67.52±9.35	67.39±9.01	67.40±13.29	F=0.002	0.998
男性[例(构成比,%)]	45(83.3)	43(84.3)	11(73.3)	χ²=1.015	0.602
ECOG评分[分,M(Q₁,Q₃)]	1(1,1)	1(1,1)	1(1,2)	H=3.885	0.143
BMI(kg/m²,$\overline{x}$±s)	21.76±3.27	20.95±3.20	19.84±4.23	F=2.100	0.127
病理类型(非小细胞肺癌)[例(比例,%)]	50(92.6)	48(94.1)	14(93.3)	χ²=0.098	0.952
肿瘤分期(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)[例(比例,%)]	43(79.6)	41(80.4)	11(73.3)	χ²=0.362	0.834
吸烟史[例(构成比,%)]	22(40.7)	18(35.3)	7(46.7)	χ²=0.731	0.694
合并肺外基础疾病[例(比例,%)]^a	26(48.1)	31(60.8)	5(33.3)	χ²=4.288	0.117
合并肺部基础疾病[例(比例,%)]^b	6(11.1)	10(19.6)	5(33.3)	χ²=3.984	0.136
治疗方式[例(比例,%)]
手术	10(18.5)	12(23.5)	4(26.7)	χ²=0.641	0.726
化疗	39(72.2)	35(68.6)	9(60.0)	χ²=1.111	0.574
胸部放疗	21(38.9)	11(21.6)	2(13.3)	χ²=5.775	0.056
靶向治疗	17(31.5)	25(49.0)	8(53.3)	χ²=4.279	0.118
免疫治疗^c	23(42.6)	15(29.4)	2(13.3)	χ²=5.566	0.062

变量	单因素分析		多因素分析
变量	HR(95%CI)值	P值	HR(95%CI)值	P值
结核病状态
无结核病(参照)	1.000		1.000
共病药物敏感肺结核	2.075(1.027~4.195)	0.042	3.288(1.448~7.466)	0.004
共病耐药肺结核	2.818(1.209~6.571)	0.016	4.446(1.500~13.176)	0.007
人口学特征
年龄(≥65岁对比<65岁)	2.350(1.036~5.331)	0.041	2.957(1.100~7.946)	0.032
性别(男性对比女性)	1.253(0.566~2.775)	0.579
吸烟(是对比否)	1.001(0.527~1.905)	0.997
BMI(<18.5kg/m²对比≥18.5kg/m²)	1.968(0.989~3.915)	0.054	1.458(0.657~3.237)	0.354
ECOG评分(>2分对比≤2分)	2.937(1.091~7.905)	0.033	2.062(0.580~7.331)	0.264
合并肺外基础疾病(有对比无)	1.968(0.989~3.915)	0.054	2.428(1.107~5.326)	0.027
合并肺部基础疾病(有对比无)	1.098(0.523~2.306)	0.805
疾病特征
肿瘤分期(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期对比Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)	2.773(1.086~7.079)	0.033	2.242(0.553~9.091)	0.258
病理类型(小细胞肺癌对比非小细胞肺癌)	1.821(0.557~5.947)	0.321
治疗方式
手术(有对比无)	0.272(0.097~0.765)	0.014	0.162(0.034~0.762)	0.021
化疗(有对比无)	0.623(0.323~1.203)	0.159	0.844(0.349~2.038)	0.706
胸部放疗(有对比无)	0.850(0.425~1.701)	0.646	0.832(0.356~1.944)	0.670
靶向治疗(有对比无)	1.370(0.741~2.533)	0.315	0.512(0.238~1.105)	0.088
免疫治疗(有对比无)	0.593(0.297~1.185)	0.139	0.694(0.289~1.669)	0.415

特征	LC+DS-PTB组(51例)	LC+DR-PTB组(15例)		统计检验值	P值
主要诊断方式[例(构成比,%)]				χ²=5.525	0.063
结核分枝杆菌痰培养	17(33.3)	10(66.7)
结核分枝杆菌分子生物学检测^a	32(62.7)	5(33.3)
病理学诊断	2(4.0)	0(0.0)
复治[例(比例,%)]	7(13.7)	7(46.7)		-	0.011
诊断时序[例(构成比,%)]^b				χ²=0.316	0.975
先肺结核后肺癌	7(13.7)	2(13.3)
同期诊断(间隔≤6个月)	29(56.9)	9(60.0)
先肺癌后肺结核	15(29.4)	4(26.7)
诊断延迟[d,M(Q₁,Q₃)]^c	6(4,16)	23(6,33)		U=212.500	0.046
治疗延迟[d,M(Q₁,Q₃)]^d	1(0,5)	6(3,12)		U=152.500	0.006
影像学表现[例(比例,%)]
结节影	32(62.7)	8(53.3)		-	0.144
斑片影	25(49.0)	6(40.0)		-	0.405
空洞	5(9.8)	2(13.3)		-	0.653
肺结核部位[例(构成比,%)]				χ²=1.133	0.567
双肺	31(60.8)	8(53.3)
单独右肺	15(29.4)	4(26.7)
单独左肺	5(9.8)	3(20.0)
合并肺外结核[例(比例,%)]	3(5.9)	1(6.7)		-	1.000
抗结核药物[例(比例,%)]
异烟肼	51(100.0)	3(20.0)		-	<0.01
利福平/利福喷丁	50(98.0)	6(40.0)		-	<0.01
吡嗪酰胺	35(68.6)	7(46.7)		-	0.138
乙胺丁醇	42(77.8)	7(46.7)		-	0.015
氟喹诺酮类	18(33.3)	12(80.0)		-	0.003
利奈唑胺	0(0.0)	9(60.0)		-	<0.01
环丝氨酸	0(0.0)	7(46.7)		-	<0.01
氯法齐明	0(0.0)	5(33.3)		-	<0.01
结核疗效评价[例(构成比,%)]				-	0.140
治疗成功^e	30(58.8)	5(33.3)
治疗失败	2(3.9)		0(0.0)
失访	6(11.8)	5(33.3)
死亡	13(25.4)	5(33.3)