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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 322-329.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.03.014

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市部分养老机构老年人体检及结核病核心知识知晓情况现况调查

陈静1,饶立歆1,倪莹青2,顾凯侃3,郑亦慧4,刘效峰5,唐利红6,李朋7,徐春华8,沈鑫1()   

  1. 1 200336 上海市疾病预防控制中心结核病艾滋病防治所
    2 上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病结核病防治科
    3 上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防治科
    4 上海市普陀区疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防治科
    5 上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防治科
    6 上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科
    7 上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科
    8 上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病结核病防治科
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-27 出版日期:2019-03-10 发布日期:2019-03-15
  • 通信作者: 沈鑫 E-mail:shenxin@scdc.sh.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家科技重大专项(2017ZX10201302);“十三五”国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10715012)

Cross-sectional study on the health examination and KAP of tuberculosis for the aged group in nursing home in Shanghai

Jing CHEN1,Li-xin RAO1,Ying-qing NI2,Kai-kan GU3,Yi-hui ZHENG4,Xiao-feng LIU5,Li-hong TANG6,Peng LI7,Chun-hua XU8,Xin SHEN1()   

  1. 1 Department of Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
  • Received:2018-09-27 Online:2019-03-10 Published:2019-03-15
  • Contact: Xin SHEN E-mail:shenxin@scdc.sh.cn

摘要:

目的 掌握上海市养老机构入住的老年人接受体检和社会家庭关怀情况及结核病核心信息知晓程度。方法 2017年9—12月,从上海市3个城区和4个郊区中分别按养老机构名单排列顺序依次选取3家养老机构,对养老机构入住的老年人开展调查;21家养老机构共登记在册老年人3717名,对其中符合纳入条件(年龄≥60岁、未出现意识模糊或相关重大疾病、可进行正常沟通、愿意接受调查)的438名老年人开展问卷调查;对其人口学特征、基本健康状况等进行描述性分析,并对城区和郊区养老机构老年人接受体检、家庭社会关怀情况,以及对结核病核心信息的知晓情况进行比较。结果 21家养老机构共438名老年人接受了调查,男性占36.8%(161/438),80岁及以上者占75.8%(332/438),本市户籍者占92.7%(406/438),学历为中学及以下者占90.9%(398/438),入住时长为1~5年者占56.8%(249/438),有慢性疾病史者占88.6%(388/438),有2种及以上慢性疾病的老年人占50.9%(223/438)。82.9%(363/438)的老年人入住前曾接受过胸部X线摄影检查,28.3%(124/438)的老年人入住后未进行胸部X线摄影检查;城区养老机构的老年人入住前(93.2%,179/192)及入住后(88.0%,169/192)接受X线摄影检查率均高于郊区养老机构老年人(74.8%,184/246;58.9%,145/246),差异均有统计学意义(χ 2值分别为25.82和44.92,P值均<0.001)。35.4%(155/438)的老年人被探望的频次<1次/周;城区养老机构老年人每周得到家属探望的比例(78.6%,151/192)高于郊区(53.7%,132/246),差异有统计学意义(χ 2=29.45,P<0.001)。70.3%(308/438)的老年人一年内没有离开过养老机构。接受调查的老年人对肺结核传染性及传播途径知识的知晓率分别为86.1%(309/359)和72.5%(224/309),仅29.0%(104/359)的老年人在咳嗽超过2周时会怀疑患肺结核。结论 养老机构入住老年人接受体检及社会关怀情况仍有待加强,将结核病筛查与老年人定期健康体检或慢性病随访有机结合,同时加强结核病知识的宣传教育,将有助于肺结核患者的早期发现。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 老年人, 老人疗养院, 认知, 问卷调查, 结果评价(卫生保健)

Abstract:

Objective To describe the health examination and social care received by the aged group, as well as their KAP to tuberculosis (TB), in nursing home in Shanghai.Methods From Sep. to Dec. 2017, Twenty-one nursing homes were sampled, which located in three urban districts and four suburb districts (three from each district) in Shanghai. Four hundred and thirty-eight people aged over 60 years old, who were healthy enough and willing to be investigated, were sampled from selected nursing homes. Their demographics and health situation, as well as KAP of TB were analyzed and comparisons were carried out between nursing home of urban and suburb districts.Results Totally 438 aged persons were investigated, among which, 36.8% (161/438) were male and 75.8% (332/438) were over 80 years old. 92.7% (406/438) of them were Shanghai residents and 90.9% (398/438) had education background of middle school or even lower degree. 56.8% (249/438) of them had stayed in the nursing home longer than 1 year but shorter than 5 years. 88.6% (388/438) of them had chronic disease and 50.9% (223/438) had at least two kinds of chronic diseases. 82.9% (363/438) of the aged received chest X-ray test before entering nursing home but 28.3% (124/438) were not tested after entering the nursing home. Higher proportion of the aged receiving chest X-ray test were found in urban areas than in suburban areas, both before (93.2% (179/192) vs 74.8% (184/246), χ 2=25.82, P<0.001) and after (88.0% (169/192) vs 58.9% (145/246), χ 2=44.92, P<0.001) entering nursing home. 35.4% (155/438) of the old people were visited once a week or less frequently, more visiting were found in urban areas than in suburban areas (78.6% (151/192) vs 53.7% (132/246), χ 2=29.45, P<0.001). 70.3% (308/438) of the old people never left the nursing home within one year. The proportions of the old people who knew that TB was infectious and that it was an airborne disease were 86.1% (309/359) and 72.5% (224/309) respectively. Only 29.0% (104/359) of the aged knew that anyone who had chronic cough for more than two weeks should be suspected as TB patient.Conclusion Collaboration between nursing home and health facilities need to be established and improved to provide timely health examination for the aged group. Health education about TB knowledge and social care should also be strengthened for the aged group in nursing home.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Aged, Homes for the aged, Cognition, Questionnaires, Outcome assessment (health care)