肺结核相关microRNA研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2015.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肺结核是一种由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性呼吸道传染病。2012年WHO报道全球约有1/3人口感染过结核分枝杆菌，其中约有1/10感染者最终发展成为结核病。我国是世界上22个结核病高负担国家之一，现有患者约500万例，居世界第二位，因此结核病已成为我国公共卫生防控的难题。目前，关于该病的研究主要集中于结核病易感性基因及机体免疫防护等方面。microRNA（miRNA）是真核生物中一类长度约为22 nt的非编码的小分子RNA。miRNA已成为近20年来生物学研究的焦点，其主要是通过与靶基因信使RNA的特异性位点结合，抑制靶基因蛋白的表达，其在生物发育时序调控和疾病的发生中起到重要作用。已有很多研究表明miRNA在宿主-致病原的免疫网络中发挥重要作用，同时也有研究表明miRNA与肺部细菌性疾病的发生和发展相关，深入研究miRNA在肺结核疾病的功能，可以为该病的诊断和治疗提供新的方向。因此，作者总结了国内外与肺结核相关的miRNA的研究进展，希望为肺结核的预防、控制和治疗提供新的契机。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 微RNAs, 生物学标记

Abstract: Pulmonary tuberculosis is chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). According to the 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) report, about one third of the global population was infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, of which one-tenth people eventually developed with TB disease. China is one of the 22 TB high-burden countries in the world, has about 5 million patients, ranking second in the world. Therefore, TB has become a public health issue in China. Current research is mainly focused on tuberculosis susceptibility genes and immune protection. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a length of about 22 in eukaryotes NT of small non-coding RNA molecules. MiRNA has become the focus of biological research in nearly 20 years, which is linked with the specific site of the target gene mRNA, inhibited the expression of target genes for proteins, regulated its biological development and plays an important role in the development of the disease. Many studies have shown that miRNA play an important role in host-pathogenic immune networks, are also associated with the occurrence and development of bacterial diseases of the lungs. In-depth of miRNA function in TB disease could provide new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, the author summarizes the advances in miRNA associated with tuberculosis, which could create opportunities for TB prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, microRNAs, Biological markers

央拉，李长山. 肺结核相关microRNA研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2015, 37(2): 194-198. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2015.02.015

YANG La, LI Chang-shan. Progress of pulmonary tuberculosis related microRNAs[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2015, 37(2): 194-198. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2015.02.015

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