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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 384-391.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.04.008

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2015年中国西南地区结核分枝杆菌临床分离株耐药情况

马爱静,段新福,侯萍,赵雁林()   

  1. 102206 北京,中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所结核病室(马爱静);新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科(段新福);哈尔滨市结核病防治所检验科(侯萍);中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心 国家结核病参比实验室(赵雁林)
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-07 出版日期:2018-04-10 发布日期:2018-05-14
  • 通信作者: 赵雁林 E-mail:zhaoyl@chinacdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家科技重大专项(2014ZX10003002)

Drug resistance surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southwest China from 2014 to 2015

Ai-jing MA,Xin-fu DUAN,Ping HOU,Yan-lin ZHAO()   

  1. Department of Tuberculosis Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2018-02-07 Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-05-14
  • Contact: Yan-lin ZHAO E-mail:zhaoyl@chinacdc.cn

摘要:

目的 通过耐药监测了解中国西南地区肺结核患者的耐药状况。方法 选取2014—2015年重庆市、四川省、云南省的8个国家耐药监测点收集的610例涂阳肺结核患者的结核分枝杆菌临床分离株,采用固体比例法药物敏感性试验(简称“药敏试验”)对异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)、乙胺丁醇(EMB)、链霉素(Sm)共4种一线抗结核药物及卡那霉素(Km)、氧氟沙星(Ofx)、卷曲霉素(Cm)、丙硫异烟胺(Pto)、对氨基水杨酸钠(PAS)共5种二线抗结核药物进行药敏试验检测。对9种药物的总耐药率、单耐药率、耐药顺位、耐多药率,以及不同地区、不同年份耐药率的差异进行分析。结果 结核分枝杆菌分离株对9种抗结核药物的总体耐药率和耐多药率分别是19.51%(119/610)和5.74%(35/610)。各抗结核药物的耐药顺位由高到低依次为INH(11.97%,73/610)、Sm(10.66%,65/610)、RFP(6.56%,40/610)、Ofx(6.56%,40/610)、PAS(2.62%,16/610)、Km(2.13%,13/610)、EMB(1.15%,7/610)、Cm(0.49%,3/610)、Pto(0.16%,1/610)。统计结果显示,西南地区8个监测点结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的耐多药率四川省通江县最高,为16.36%(9/55);INH耐药率四川省通江县最高,为23.64%(13/55);Km耐药率四川省通江县最高,为10.91%(6/55)。不同年份之间结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的总耐药率[2014年为20.08%(51/254);2015年为19.10%(68/356)]及耐多药率[2014年为4.72%(12/254);2015年为6.46%(23/356)]差异均无统计学意义(χ 2=0.09,P=0.764;χ 2=0.83,P=0.363)。 结论 中国西南地区耐药情况较为严峻,应加强该地区耐药结核病的监测。

关键词: 分枝杆菌,结核, 结核,抗多种药物性, 哨点监测, 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in southwest China through drug resistance surveillance.Methods A total of 610 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains isolated from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients collected from 8 national drug-resistant surveillance sites in Chongqing, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces from 2014 to 2015 were analyzed by the drug susceptibility test (DST) of the proportion method for four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs including Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RFP), Ethambutol (EMB) and Streptomycin (Sm), as well as five second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs including Kanamycin (Km), Ofloxacin (Ofx), Capreomycin (Cm), Protionamide (Pto) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). The total drug-resistance rate, mono-resistance rate, drug resistance spectrum and multi-drug resistance rate (MDR) of MTB were analyzed. The differences in drug resistance rates by different regions and years were also analyzed.Results To the nine anti-tuberculosis drugs, the overall resistance rate and MDR rate were 19.51% (119/610) and 5.74% (35/610), respectively. Drug resistance rates ranked from high to low as INH (11.97%,73/610), Sm (10.66%,65/610), RFP (6.56%, 40/610), Ofx (6.56%, 40/610), PAS (2.62%,16/610), Km (2.13%, 13/610), EMB (1.15%, 7/610), Cm (0.49%, 3/610), and Pto (0.16%, 1/610). Among the 8 monitoring sites in southwest China, the statistical results showed that the highest MDR rate was 16.36% (9/55) in Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province; the highest INH resistance rate was 23.64% (13/55) in Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province; the highest Km resistance rate was 10.91% (6/55) in Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province. There was no significant difference in drug resistance rate (year 2014 (20.08%, 51/254); year 2015 (19.10%, 68/356)) and MDR rate (year 2014 (4.72%, 12/254); year 2015 (6.46%, 23/356)) between different years (χ 2=0.09,P=0.764; χ 2=0.83,P=0.363). Conclusion The drug resistance in southwest China is more severe and the surveillance of drug-resistant TB should be strengthened in this area.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis,multidrug-resistant, Sentinel surveillance, Small-area analysis