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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 1386-1393.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20260181

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于Joinpoint回归分析2015—2024年中国四大核心超大城市肺结核报告发病趋势

陈安妮1, 孟郁洁1, 李涛2, 郑环1, 王松旺1()   

  1. 1 中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)信息中心, 北京 102206
    2 中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)结核病预防控制中心, 北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-02 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-09-08
  • 通信作者: 王松旺 E-mail:wangsw@chinacdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2311503)

Trend of pulmonary tuberculosis reported incidence in four core megacities of China from 2015 to 2024: a population-based study using Joinpoint regression model

Chen Anni1, Meng Yujie1, Li Tao2, Zheng Huan1, Wang Songwang1()   

  1. 1 Information Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China
    2 National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2026-04-02 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-09-08
  • Contact: Wang Songwang E-mail:wangsw@chinacdc.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2311503)

摘要:

目的: 基于Joinpoint回归模型分析2015—2024年中国核心超大城市(北京、上海、广州、深圳)肺结核发病时间变化趋势,为防控措施制定提供依据。 方法: 收集核心超大城市2015—2024年肺结核患者报告信息,采用描述性研究分析发病率特征,通过Joinpoint模型分析发病时间变化趋势。 结果: 2015—2024年,北京年均报告发病率为30.55/10万,广州年均报告发病率为56.24/10万,上海年均报告发病率为24.83/10万,深圳年均报告发病率为36.68/10万。Joinpoint回归分析显示,2015—2021年北京报告发病率呈缓慢下降趋势(APC=-4.36%,P=0.070),2021—2025年呈迅速下降趋势(APC=-11.58%,P<0.001);广州年均报告发病率下降幅度最大(AAPC=-10.03%,P<0.001),其中2015—2021年迅速下降(APC=-11.41%,P<0.001),2021—2024年缓慢下降(APC=-7.19%,P=0.008)。北京、上海、广州、深圳四市的男性报告发病率(38.22/10万、32.30/10万、64.10/10万、43.82/10万)均高于女性(22.34/10万、16.85/10万、33.54/10万、28.09/10万),北京、上海男性报告发病率(AAPC=-6.88%、-8.85%)下降速度高于女性(AAPC=-6.38%、-7.32%),广州、深圳男性报告发病率(AAPC=-9.43%、-5.30%)下降速度低于女性(AAPC=-10.36%、-5.98%);15~59岁年龄组报告发病率下降幅度高于其他年龄组(AAPC值分别为-9.10%、-10.02%、-12.06%、-9.72%,P值分别为<0.001、0.001、0.001、0.003)。 结论: 2015—2024年,四大核心超大城市肺结核标准化报告发病率均呈下降趋势,病原学阳性率均呈上升趋势,男性标准化报告发病率均高于女性,≥60岁老年人肺结核年均报告发病率最高,建议针对老年人群开展区域化定期筛查,对中青年男性群体强化职业场所健康宣教,并依托超大城市智慧化监测体系动态调整筛查策略,以推动结核病防控从被动发现向主动干预转变。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 发病率, 回归分析, 城市

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the temporal trends in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence in major Chinese megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen) from 2015 to 2024 using Joinpoint regression, providing evidence for the formulation of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: Data on reported PTB cases in core megacities from 2015 to 2024 were collected; descriptive analysis was used to assess incidence characteristics, and Joinpoint regression was applied to analyze temporal trends. Results: From 2015 to 2024, the average annual reported incidence rates per 100000 population were 30.55 in Beijing, 56.24 in Guangzhou, 24.83 in Shanghai, and 36.68 in Shenzhen. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the reported incidence rate in Beijing showed a gradual downward trend from 2015 to 2021 (APC=-4.36%, P=0.070) and a rapid downward trend from 2021 to 2025 (APC=-11.58%, P<0.001); In Guangzhou, the annual average reported incidence rate showed the greatest decline (AAPC=-10.03%, P<0.001), with a rapid decline from 2015 to 2021 (APC=-11.41%, P<0.001) and a gradual decline from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-7.19%, P=0.008). The reported incidence rates among men in the four cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen (38.22 per 100000, 32.30 per 100000, 64.10 per 100000 and 43.82 per 100000) were all higher than those among women (22.34 per 100000, 16.85 per 100000, 33.54 per 100000, 28.09 per 100000). In Beijing and Shanghai, the rate of decline in the reported incidence among men (AAPC=-6.88%, -8.85%) was higher than that among women (AAPC=-6.38%, -7.32%); while in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the rate of decline in reported incidence among men (AAPC=-9.43%, -5.30%) was slower than that among women (AAPC=-10.36%, -5.98%); The decline in reported incidence rates was greater in the 15-59 age group than in other age groups (AAPC=-9.10%, P<0.001; AAPC=-10.02%, P=0.001; AAPC=-12.06%, P<0.001; AAPC=-9.72%, P=0.003). Conclusion: From 2015 to 2024, the standardized reported incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in the four major core megacities all showed a downward trend, while the etiological positivity rates all showed an upward trend. The standardized reported incidence rate in males was consistently higher than that in females, and the average annual reported incidence rate among the elderly aged 60 years and above was the highest. It is recommended that regionalized periodic screening be implemented for the elderly population, health education in occupational settings be strengthened for young and middle-aged men, and screening strategies be dynamically adjusted based on the smart monitoring systems of megacities, in order to promote a shift in tuberculosis control from passive detection to active intervention.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Incidence, Regression analysis, Cities

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