关键词: 诊断, 实验室技术和方法, 放射摄影术, 内窥镜检查

Abstract: In the recent 1 year, much progress has been made on the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), and some new diagnostic methods and techniques have already been employed in clinical practice. In the bacteriological diagnosis, the combination of 2 new techniques isothermal microcalorimetry, detonation nanodiamonds with traditional culture is more rapid and could improve the detection rate, sensitivity and specificity. Molecular imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB has made great progress. Interferon-gamma release assays have the superiority in the diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB. Molecular biology diagnosis for TB still focused on testing technology with a core of nucleic acid amplification. Among those methods, Xpert Mtb/RIF is most compelling, it not only achieved fruitful results in the diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant TB, but also played an important role in pediatric TB and Mtb/HIV coinfection. RNA simultaneous amplification and testing have been used for the diagnosis of TB and the surveillance of therapeutic effect. The episode for endoscopic intervention gave an introduction of its application in pulmonary TB, tracheal/bronchial TB, mediastinal lymph node TB and pleural TB. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has drawn great attentions of scholars both at home and abroad. Being characterized by simple procedure, minimally invasive, accurate positioning with high sensitivity, specificity and repeatability, EBUS-TBNA has become more and more important in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph node TB.

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