母牛分枝杆菌在过敏性疾病中免疫调节作用的研究进展

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250293

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

母牛分枝杆菌作为一种非致病性分枝杆菌,在哮喘、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎等过敏性疾病中展现出独特的免疫调节潜力。其通过多细胞协同作用实现了增强巨噬细胞功能、促进树突状细胞成熟并引导辅助性T淋巴细胞1(Th1)/Th2型免疫偏移,同时扩增调节性T细胞抑制Th2型过度反应,纠正免疫失衡。动物实验及临床前研究表明,母牛分枝杆菌不仅可显著改善过敏性疾病症状,包括降低哮喘气道高反应性、减轻变应性鼻炎黏膜炎症及特应性皮炎皮损,还对治疗哮喘和变应性鼻炎效果显著,安全性良好,但最佳给药途径及免疫生物标志物动态监测仍需优化。未来需结合多学科方法,深入探索其免疫调节机制,推动其临床转化应用,为过敏性疾病提供新型的免疫调节策略,具有广阔的研究前景。

关键词: 分枝杆菌,牛, 过敏反应, 变态反应和免疫学, 免疫疗法,主动

Abstract:

Mycobacterium vaccae, a non-pathogenic mycobacterial species, exhibits unique potential in immunomodulation of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Its immunomodulation effects are mediated through coordinated multicellular interactions—enhancing macrophage activity, promoting dendritic cell maturation, and inducing a Th1-polarized immune profile—while expanding regulatory T cells to suppress Th2-dominant hyperactivity, thereby correcting immune dysregulation. Preclinical evidence has demonstrated that this bacterium significantly alleviates allergic symptoms, including reduced airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, mitigated mucosal inflammation in allergic rhinitis, improved skin lesions in atopic dermatitis, and further supports its significant therapeutic efficacy and favorable safety profile in asthma and allergic rhinitis; however, optimization of administration routes and dynamic immune biomarker monitoring require refinement. Future research necessitates multidisciplinary approaches to elucidate immunomodulatory mechanisms of Mycobacterium vaccae and to advance its clinical translation, provides a novel immunomodulatory strategy for allergic diseases with broad research prospects.

Key words: Mycobacterium bovis, Anaphylaxis, Allergy and immunology, Immunotherapy, active

中图分类号:

王一文, 齐云峰, 聂文娟. 母牛分枝杆菌在过敏性疾病中免疫调节作用的研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(12): 1658-1662. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250293

Wang Yiwen, Qi Yunfeng, Nie Wenjuan. Immunomodulatory effects of Mycobacterium vaccae on allergic diseases: advances and mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2025, 47(12): 1658-1662. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250293

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