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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1388-1394.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240276

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

某高校5起肺结核聚集性疫情特征分析

崔灵绸1(), 石海萍2   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学医院,杨凌 712100
    2陕西省结核病防治院,西安 710100
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-10-31
  • 通信作者: 崔灵绸,Email: 381354222@qq.com

Analysis of characteristics of 5 pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics in a university

Cui Lingchou1(), Shi Haiping2   

  1. 1The Hospital of Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
    2Shaanxi Provincial Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Hospital, Xi’an 710100,China
  • Received:2024-07-04 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-10-31
  • Contact: Cui Lingchou, Email:381354222@qq.com

摘要:

目的: 分析某高校5起肺结核聚集性疫情发生原因,为高校肺结核防控提供有效参考依据。方法: 采用回顾性描述分析方法,查阅某高校2014年1月1日至2023年12月31日结核病档案资料,对5起符合肺结核聚集性疫情的流行病学、接触者筛查、患者临床特征和就诊情况、防控措施等资料进行整理,结合实验室检查结果,对疫情传播链、传染源和发生原因进行分析。结果: 5起疫情均为因症就诊患者的接触者筛查发现,2014—2018年发生4起、2022年发生1起,集中发生在大学本科二、三年级和学期中间。5起疫情累计关联的23例患者中, 91.30%(21/23)为校内学生,8.70%(2/23)为校外家属;95.65%(22/23)为男性学生。21例校内患者,38.10%(8/21)病原学阳性,52.38%(11/21)有症状;11例有症状患者中,8例(72.72%)主动就诊,其中6例就诊延误、4例诊断延误;4例诊断延误中,3例误诊,1例漏报。筛查检出患者16例,均为密切接触学生,密切接触者患者检出率为3.50%(16/457)。结论: 高校易发肺结核聚集性疫情,患者就诊延误和未就诊、非结核病定点医疗机构误诊和漏报是主要原因。

关键词: 结核,肺, 疾病暴发流行, 高校

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze causes of pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics in a university, to provide effective reference for tuberculosis prevention and control in universities. Methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis was used to analyze tuberculosis archives of a university from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023, by sorting out epidemiology, contact screening, clinical characteristics and treatment status of patients, prevention and control measures, and other data of 5 pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics. Then based on laboratory examination results, the chains of transmission, sources of infection and causes of epidemic were analyzed. Results: All 5 cluster epidemics were found by screening contacts of patients who sought medical treatment due to illness, 4 occurred in 2014 to 2018, 1 occurred in 2022, concentrated in the second and third years of college and in the middle of a semester. Among the 23 patients associated with the 5 cluster epidemics, 91.30% (21/23) were campus students and 8.70% (2/23) were off-campus family members; 95.65% (22/23) were male students. Of the 21 campus patients, 38.10% (8/21) were etiologically positive, and 52.38% (11/21) had symptoms. Of the 11 patients with symptoms, 8 (72.72%) actively sought medical treatment, of which 6 were delayed in healthcare-seeking and 4 were delayed in diagnosis; among the 4 patients with delay in diagnosis, 3 cases were misdiagnosed and 1 case was not reported. Sixteen patients were detected by screening, all of them were close contact students, and the patient detection rate among close contacts was 3.50% (16/457). Conclusion: Universities are prone to pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics, delay in healthcare-seeking, patients not seeking medical care, misdiagnosis and underreporting in non-tuberculosis-designated medical institutions are the main causes.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Disease outbreak, Colleges and universities

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