Abstract: Objective From April to December 1996,Henan province as first member in China to join WHO global Drug Resistance Surveillance(DRS)network to implement DRS at the 30 tuberculosis dispensaries selected by cluster sampling method in order to reference data for TB control.Method According to WHO DRS guideline,randomly selected 30 counties,newly registered smear positive TB cases were enrolled in order and rechecked their treatment history.Through Z_N fast acid stain,L_J medium culture,proportion method for drug sensitivity test,drug susceptibility testing against streptomycin(SM),isoniazid(INH),rifampicin(RIF),and ethambutol(EMB)four drugs were performed.Laboratory quality control were done by Korean SRL,All the data analyzed by WHO SDRTB software and χ 2 statistical test. Results 1.1372 TB cases were enrolled project,916 new cases and 456 previously treated cases,2.Primary resistance(PR)to any drug was found 43.0%,Acquired resistance(AR)to any drug was 68.2%,total resistance rate 51.4%. 3. Any primary resistance SM,32.5%;INH,31 0%;RIF,20.7% and EMB,10.3%.and any acquired resistance SM,52.2%;INH,49.3%;RIF,48 3%;and EMB,20.4%. 4.Multi_drug resistance rate primary 16.5%,Acquired 37.1%. 5.PR and PMDR in never use drug group is 35.0% and 10.9%,far less than that in using drugs<1 month group 66.1%and 25.3%( P<0.01).6. >60 years group,PR and AR is 39.1% and 58.4% far less than average rate 43.0% and 68.3%.7.The cure rate of new cases all sensitive group,mono_drug resistance and multi_drug resistance was 64.3%,59.6%,49.8% and of old cases,50.0%,37.7%,35.8%.Conclusion Drug resistant TB was found highly prevalent in Henan and the cure rate remained poor.The finding urges to take immediate action to improve cure rate.