Abstract:

HIV-associated tuberculosis constitutes a major public health challenge in global health field, and the complex interaction between these two diseases accelerates the progression of each, significantly increasing the hospitalization and mortality of patients. Among people living with HIV, the early diagnosis of tuberculosis is crucial for timely anti-tuberculosis treatment and improved prognosis, and the relevant tuberculosis detection techniques play an essential role. Currently, the World Health Organization regards bacteriological testing as the key method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, the diagnostic value is limited due to the influence of the human immune status on the sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, novel diagnostic techniques such as immunological methods, molecular diagnostic techniques, and imaging and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic techniques have developed rapidly and shown high sensitivity and specificity in the population with HIV/TB, providing strong support for improving the accuracy of diagnosis. This paper systematically reviews the novel diagnostic strategies for HIV/TB coinfection, including molecular diagnostic, emerging immunological methods, non-conventional specimen testing techniques, and imaging and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, etc., providing a certain clinical value for the early detection and diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis.

Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Tuberculosis, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, differential