Abstract: Objective To understand the status of drug resistant in M. tuberculosis in Heilongjiang province, to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of TB control and provide evidence for TB control policy development in Heilongjiang province. Methods According to the Guidelines for Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis of WHO/IUATLD, sampling method of layered group, thirty counties/districts were selected as surveillance sites. All smear positive cases on each surveillance site were included in the surveillance, 56 new smear positive cases were selected. Proportion method was used to conduct DST of INH, SM, RFP, EMB. Results 2 144 cases were included in the period in surveillance of drug resistance in 2004, among which the culture pollution rate was 2.1%, the culture negative rate was 3.8%. 2 019 cases had DST, among which the Results of 1 995 cases were analyzed. 78.9% was new cases and 21.10% was re-treatment cases. The proportion of primary drug resistant was 36.2%, the proportion of acquired drug resistant was 67.7%, the proportion of primary MDR was 7.2% and the proportion of acquired MDR was 30.4%. Conclusion Heilongjiang province is one of the higher drug resistant provinces where the surveillance of drug resistance has carried out. The high level of drug resistance was a big challenge in the work of tuberculosis control in Heilongjiang province. This suggested that on one hand the quality of DOTS should be improved in all of province, drug resistance cases would be reduced gradually through carrying out basic DOTS; on the other hand, the supports came from all levels of government and foreign aid project should be actively strived to solve the problem of the existing drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, to reduce the drug resistance cases in farthest and achieve the goal of Tuberculosis Control Program on time.

Key words: tuberculosis, drug resistance, survey, Heilongjiang province