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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1300-1310.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250081

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

中青年肺结核患者与配偶生活质量现状调查与分析

谢媛琪1(), 宋琳2, 姚彦花3, 蔡莉莉4   

  1. 1南部战区海军第一医院感染内科,湛江 524005
    2解放军总医院京南医疗中心门诊部,北京 100841
    3甘肃省敦煌市医院感染科,敦煌 736200
    4广东省湛江中心人民医院感染科,湛江 524000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通信作者: 谢媛琪,Email:xieyuanqi@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国社会福利基金会护爱基金(HLCXKT-20230163)

A survey and analysis of quality of life among young and middle-aged pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their spouses

Xie Yuanqi1(), Song Lin2, Yao Yanhua3, Cai Lili4   

  1. 1Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Navy Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang 524005, China
    2Outpatient Department, The Jingnan Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100841, China
    3Department of Infectious Diseases, Dunhuang City Hospital, Dunhuang 736200, China
    4Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhanjiang Central People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524000, China
  • Received:2025-03-06 Online:2025-10-10 Published:2025-09-29
  • Contact: Xie Yuanqi, Email:xieyuanqi@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Hua Ai Fund of China Social Welfare Foundation(HLCXKT-20230163)

摘要:

目的: 调查中青年肺结核患者与配偶的生活质量现状及影响因素,为有针对性地提升患者与配偶的生活质量提供依据。方法: 2023年9月—11月,采用整群分层抽样法,对广东省2家结核病定点医院(南部战区海军第一医院60对、湛江中心人民医院60对)的中青年肺结核住院患者与配偶进行问卷调查;共发放问卷240份(患者与配偶各120份)。采用列表删除法(listwise deletion)处理缺失数据,剔除存在关键变量缺失的问卷(关键变量包括:GQOLI-74、核心人口学特征),实际回收问卷221份(患者112份、配偶109份),问卷回收率92.08%。问卷调查包括自行编制的一般资料问卷和生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)。患者一般资料问卷包括:社会人口学资料(年龄、性别、文化程度、是否本地户籍、职业状态、家庭经济收入、人均居住面积)、生活品质(夫妻关系、性生活);临床资料[治疗分类、诊断分类、并发症、患病时间、结核药物不良反应、吸烟、体质量指数(BMI)、睡眠质量、治疗依从性、目前治疗阶段、病情严重程度];是否曾接受结核病相关知识宣教。配偶一般资料问卷包括:社会人口学资料(年龄、性别、文化程度、是否本地户籍、职业状态、家庭经济、人均居住面积)、患者临床资料(患者治疗分类、患者诊断分类、患者并发症、患者患病时间)、生活品质(夫妻关系、性生活);健康状况(吸烟、BMI、睡眠质量、是否罹患慢性疾病);是否曾接受结核病相关知识宣教;对结核病防护知识知晓程度。采用单因素和多因素线性回归模型对中青年患者与配偶的生活质量现状及影响因素进行分析。结果: 在CQOLI-74评分中,总得分中青年配偶[(57.74±8.01)分]高于患者[(50.56±6.05)分],差异有统计学意义(t=4.550,P<0.001);在社会功能以及躯体功能方面,中青年配偶[(62.86±10.63)分、(62.95±12.90)分]优于患者[(52.91±12.31)分、(55.06±14.27)分],差异有统计学意义(t=3.317,P<0.001;t=2.257,P=0.026);在物质生活与心理功能方面,中青年患者[(37.39±13.63)分、(56.88±11.45)分]与配偶[(43.39±18.28)分、(61.74±11.75)分]相比,差异无统计学意义(t=1.683,P=0.095;t=1.704,P=0.091)。多重线性回归分析结果显示:家庭经济、性生活、夫妻关系、知识宣教是夫妻双方生活质量的独立影响因素(患者:β=3.104,P<0.001;β=2.625,P=0.012;β=2.657,P=0.003;β=3.758,P=0.001;配偶:β=4.407,P<0.001;β=4.836,P<0.001;β=2.286,P=0.038;β=5.319,P=0.002);药物不良反应和治疗依从性是患者生活质量的独立影响因素(β=-2.344,P=0.005;β=1.582,P=0.010);防护知识知晓是配偶生活质量的独立影响因素(β=3.807,P<0.001)。结论: 调查研究验证了中青年人群罹患肺结核因多种因素的制约显著影响患者与配偶双方的生活质量,并为以家庭为单位的精准干预提供了实证依据。

关键词: 结核,肺, 中青年, 配偶, 生活质量

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of quality of life (QoL) among young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and their spouses, thereby providing evidence-based guidance for targeted interventions to improve their QoL. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire-based survey among hospitalized young and middle-aged PTB patients and their spouses at two tuberculosis (TB) designated hospitals in Guangdong Province, including 60 patient-spouse pairs at the First Navy Hospital of Southern Theater Command and 60 patient-spouse pairs at Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang. A total of 240 pieces of questionnaire were distributed (120 for patients and 120 for spouses). Missing data were handled via listwise deletion, excluding responses with missing values in key variables (Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) scores and core demographic characteristics). Ultimately, 221 valid responses were collected (112 from patients and 109 from spouses), yielding a response rate of 92.08%. The survey included a self-developed general information questionnaire and the GQOLI-74. The general information questionnaire for patients covered the following aspects: (1) Sociodemographic Characteristics: Age, sex, educational level, local household registration status, employment status, household income, per capita living space; (2) QoL Parameters: Marital relationship, sexual life; (3) Clinical Data: Treatment category, diagnostic category, presence of complications, disease duration, adverse reactions to anti-TB medications, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, treatment adherence, current treatment phase, and disease severity; (4) Exposure to TB-related health education. The spouse questionnaire included five aspects: (1) Sociodemographic Characteristics: Age, sex, educational level, local household registration status, employment status, household income, per capita living space; (2) Patient Clinical Data: Patient's treatment category, diagnostic category, presence of complications, and disease duration; (3) QoL Parameters: Marital relationship, sexual life; (4) Health Status: Smoking status, BMI, sleep quality, presence of chronic illnesses; (5) Exposure to TB-related health education and level of knowledge regarding TB prevention and control. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were employed to analyze the QoL status and its influencing factors among both patients and their spouses. Results: According to GQOLI-74, the average overall QoL score for spouses was 57.74±8.01, significantly higher than that of the patients (50.56±6.05, t=4.550, P<0.001). In the domains of social and physical functioning, spouses also scored significantly higher than patients (62.86±10.63 vs. 52.91±12.31, t=3.317, P<0.001; and 62.95±12.90 vs. 55.06±14.27,t=2.257, P=0.026). In contrast, differences in material life (37.39±13.63 for patients vs. 43.39±18.28 for spouses) and psychological functioning (56.88±11.45 for patients vs. 61.74±11.75 for spouses) were not statistically significant (t=1.683, P=0.095; t=1.704, P=0.091). Multiple linear regression analysis identified household income, sexual life, marital relationship, and TB-related health education as independent predictors of QoL in both patients (β=3.104,P<0.001;β=2.625,P=0.012;β=2.657,P=0.003;β=3.758,P=0.001) and their spouses (β=4.407,P<0.001;β=4.836,P<0.001;β=2.286,P=0.038;β=5.319,P=0.002). In addition, adverse drug reactions (β=-2.344, P=0.005) and treatment adherence (β=1.582, P=0.010) were independent factors influencing patients' QoL. For spouses, awareness of TB prevention and control knowledge was an independent predictor (β=3.807, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study confirms that PTB significantly compromises the QoL of both young and middle-aged patients and their spouses, influenced by a combination of clinical, psychosocial, and educational factors. The findings provide empirical support for family-centered, targeted interventions aimed at improving QoL among affected households.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Young and middle-aged, Spouses, Quality of life

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