Table of Content

10 March 2009, Volume 31 Issue 3

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Analysis of sample survey for the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Jiangsu province in 2006

Lu Wei, Zhou Yang, Fan Benda, Zhang Tihui, Yang Dandan, Yu Hao, Chen Zonglan, Xu Weiguo

. 2009, 31(3):  121-125. 

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ObjectiveTo realize the epidemical situation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Jiangsu province and analyze the tendency of the epidemic variation. MethodsWith stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 40 investigation points was sampled and the sampling proportion was 1∶1203. All population in the investigation points was registered. Chest X-ray was applied to all population ≥15 years old without PTB symptom, PPD test was carried out among the children younger than 15 years old. Chest X-ray, 3 sputum direct smears and 2 cultural examinations were applied to all people with PTB symptom and all people with abnormal result of chest X-ray and PPD test. ResultsThe prevalence rate of active TB, smear positive and bacteriological confirmed PTB were 282.47/100000, 58.11/100000 and 79.09/100000 respectively. The prevalence rate of smear positive TB had a 54.3% declining compared with the rate of 1990. The mortality rate of PTB was 2.2/100000, and had an 85.4% declining compared with 1990. In the age groups of 30-year and above, male’s prevalence rate was higher than female’s and the difference expanded gradually with the age increased. The infection rates of tuberculosis were 5.3% in rural area and 1.5% in urban region. In the main age groups, the prevalence rate of migrant population was higher obviously than local resident’s. The proportion of the active PTB cases in all active cases was 55.4%, of which 99% received treatment, the proportion of active PTB cases treated under DOT and management was 88.5%. 90.1% non-consultation cases with symptoms were middle and old age people. ConclusionsThrough the implementation of The National Tuberculosis Control Program (2001—2010) and various effective measures, smear positive prevalence rate and mortality rate had declined sharply compared with the rates of 1990. But the tuberculosis epidemical situation is still serious, especially in aged people, which had a high prevalence rate and a low detection rate. With the rapid increasing of migrant population, the sampling method and implementation should be considered sufficiently in national survey in future. In addition, the diagnosis of smear-negative cases, should be further confirmed during follow-up visit.

Analysis of survey on public knowledge, attitude and practice of tuberculosis prevention and control in Shanxi province

Li Xiaoqing

. 2009, 31(3):  126-128. 

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ObjectiveTo analyze the data of survey on public knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control in Shanxi province conducted in 2006, and to realize the degree of public knowledge of TB. MethodsQuestionnaire survey was conducted in the sample population in 21 points,questionnaires were collected and analyzed. ResultsThe general awareness rate of 8 key TB messages was 34.9%; the awareness rates of transmission route and curability were higher, with 55.4% and 53.6% respectively. Gender difference was existed in awareness rate, with 36.2% for men and 33.5% for women; urban-rural difference was significant, with 46.9% for urban and 33.8% for rural area; the awareness rates in certain age group (20～49 years) were relatively higher, with 36.6%, 36.6% and 35.2% respectively; with the family income increased, the awareness rate increased,the maximum rate was 46.7%； the awareness rate also increased with the increasing education level, with the maximum 62.4%; the awareness rate was different for different vocation, that of medical staff was 72.3%,which was the highest; the awareness rate was different for various medical insurances, that of the staff medical insurance was 56.0%, which was the highest. ConclusionsThe awareness rate of TB varies in different population, health promotion activities should aim at different target population in order to achieve the Objective of TB control.

Survey and analysis on the awareness rate on TB control knowledge among peasant workers in construction site

Liu Feiying,Cui Zhezhe,Luo Dan,Wang Xiwen,Li Jinbao,Peng Gaowei,Jiang Haili,Wei Jianli.

. 2009, 31(3):  129-131. 

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ObjectiveTo explore the status of the knowledge, attitude and practice and the way of getting information on TB control of peasant workers in construction site, and to provide evidence for further health education and policy-making. MethodsFace to face questionnaire interview was carried out among peasant workers in construction site of Guangxi Medical University. ResultsThe awareness rate on TB control among peasant workers in construction site was low, the awareness rate of key message on TB control was 30.2%; that of 3 key message was 1.5%; chatting was the dominant way of getting the information (33.8%). ConclusionsPeasant workers in construction site should be paid more attention in TB health education, with the TB control knowledge and free policy the key content to improve the awareness of peasant workers in construction site.

Analysis on case-finding and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Anhui from 2002 to 2007

Chen Genwang, Wang Jixiang, Zhang Genyou, Wu Ying

. 2009, 31(3):  132-134. 

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the situation of case-finding and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui from 2002 to 2007. MethodsThe monthly and the quarterly reports, and the data of Internet-based TB Reporting System of TB control project units were collected and analyzed. Results9158, 30279, 41157, 54869, 50878 and 47628 active smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases were detected respectively from 2002 to 2007, among whom 2743, 5846, 12751, 28329, 28840 and 27836 cases were new smear-positive cases. The registration rates of new smear-positive case were 4.3 per 100000, 9.2 per 100000, 19.9 per 100000, 44.2 per 100000, 44.8 per 100000 and 42.8/100000, the cure rates of new smear-positive case were 82.8%, 82.8%, 89.3%, 91.4% and 91.7% respectively. ConclusionsThe case detection rate and cure rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients has been improved enormously resulting from the overall implementation of DOTS strategy.

The effect of the cooperation between center for disease control and prevention (CDC) and hospital on tuberculosis control in rural area of southern Jiangsu province

Yao Xia

. 2009, 31(3):  135-139. 

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the cooperation between CDC and hospital on tuberculosis (TB) control. MethodsNon-centralized TB control model of diagnosing, registering，treating managing TB cases in township TB control site was conducted, CDC at prefecture level, prefecture designated hospital, district CDC, district hospital and township TB control site did their duties and cooperated for TB control. ResultsFrom 2002 to 2007,1494 active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases were registered, among which 728 were new smear positive cases. The notification rate of new smear positive cases increased from 14.78/100000 in 2002 to 33.87/100000 in 2007. 834 smear positive cases were registered from 2002 to 2007, 62.5％ of whom were found by township hospital. From 2002 to 2006,the cure rates were up to 93.8％ and 86.8% respectively for new smear positive cases and re-treatment smear positive cases. ConclusionsThe TB control site in rural area is helpful for case detection and treatment. On the basis of funds security and strengthening supervision and management, the township TB control site plays a very important role in case detection and treatment.

Application of TOPSIS combined with RSR to comprehensive evaluation of TB control effect

Dong Baiqing, Liu Feiying, Wang Xiwen, Huang Minying, Luo Dan

. 2009, 31(3):  140-143. 

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ObjectiveTo explore a statistical method which is appropriate to evaluate TB control effect comprehensively. MethodsRanked all comprehensive evaluations applying TOPSIS combined with RSR. ResultsThe ranking result of comprehensive evaluations among 14 cities was as follows: Nanning, Guilin were in good group; Guigang, Chongzuo, Liuzhou, Hezhou, Yulin, Wuzhou, Hechi, Fangcheng, Baise were in middle group; Baihai, Laibin, Qingzhou were in poor group. The difference among 3 groups was statistically significant.ConclusionsTOPSIS and RSR are suitable for comprehensive evaluation of TB control effect.

Development of Elispot assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Yang Qianting¹,Xu Ping²,Zeng Jianfeng¹，Zhu Xiuyun¹, Huang Hua¹, Deng Qunyi¹,Liu Guohui,Zhou Boping,Chen Xinchun

. 2009, 31(3):  144-148. 

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Objective To develop Elispot assays for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γin peripheral blood and evaluate its applicability in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. MethodsRecombinant protein library containing the early secretary antigen target 6 kDa protein (ESAT-6) and peptide library were used as antigens to develop an Elispot assay for measuring antigen-specific IFN-γ. IFN-γresponses in peripheral bloods were determined in 32 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB), 205 healthy controls (HC) and 18 patients with lung diseases other than tuberculosis (disease control, DC). For comparison, 32 patients with TB and 20 healthy controls were also tested with the whole-blood IFN-γ assay（Quantiferon-TB-Gold，QFT-G）in parallel. ResultsThe proportion of positive IFN-γresponse using our in-house Elispot in TB, HC, and DC is 75.0%, 7.3% and 11.1%, respectively. The parallel study using QFT-G showed that 78.1% of TB was positive. There is no significant difference between the Results got by our in-house Elispot and QFT-G（χ²=1.6，P>0.05）. ConclusionsAn Elispot assay for detection of MTB antigen-specific IFN-γ was developed with higher sensitivity and specificity. The Elispot assay can be applied to diagnosis of TB infection.

The profile of gene expression from macrophage THP-1 infected by Mycobacterium bovis

Gao Feng¹，Li Weimin²，Li Chuanyou²，Liu Yi², Sun Zhaogang²,Zhang Jianyuan²,Jiang Ping¹,Fan Weixing³

. 2009, 31(3):  150-156. 

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ObjectiveTo select the candidate target for immunological diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, and to study the immunological pathogenetic mechanisms of bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. MethodsThe gene expression profiles from macrophage THP-1 infected by Mycobacterium bovis (AF2212/97) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) 72 hours later were analyzed with gene chips containing 22000 full-length genes. The protein expression level and their interaction of corresponding gene were compared and analyzed by GO and Pathway significant statistical analysis. ResultsThere were expression difference of 290 and 1899 genes in macrophage THP-1 cells infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, respectively. These differential genes mainly included inflammatory factors, apoptosis proteins, extracellular matrix protein, the proteins correlating with T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and other related proteins by GO and Pathway analysis. ConclusionsThe result of gene expression profile could provide the useful biology information for the diagnostic and pathogenetic study of bovine tuberculosis.

Investigation on the drug resistance status of 591 strains Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tan Yunhong，Yi Songlin，Liang Zhen

. 2009, 31(3):  157-159. 

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ObjectiveTo analyze retrospectively the status of drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) isolated from patients hospitalized in Hunan tuberculosis hospital, and to analyze the causes. MethodsWe analyzed the Results of drug susceptibility testing in 591 strains MTB isolated from May 1,2003 to December 31,2007. The drug susceptibility of all isolates were detected by absolute concentration method among 7 drugs，including INH（H）,RFP(R),SM（S）,PAS (P), EMB (E),KM (K),OFLX（O）.ResultsOf 591 isolates，376(63.6%) isolates were resistant to one drug at least. 1(0.2%) isolates was resistant to all seven drugs. 228(38.6%) were MDR isolates. ConclusionsThe situation of drug resistance is very serious. Strategies should be stringently taken to prevent and treat patients with drug-resistance pulmonary tuberculosis.

The influence of urokinase on pleural fibroblasts secreting transforming growth factor β₁，vascular endothelial growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in rats

Shao Jingyun¹,Liu An¹,Qi Haowen²

. 2009, 31(3):  160-163. 

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ObjectiveTo study the secretion of transforming growth factorβ₁ (TGF-β₁), vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1（PAI-1）by fibroblasts(FB) and the influence of urokinase(UK) on the secretion. MethodsFibroblasts obtained from the pleura of fine male rats were cultured，purified and identified，and then were divided into control group 0, control group 1 and experimental group. There were 40 samples without fibroblasts in RPMI 1640 medium in control group 0 and 40 samples with many fibroblasts in RPMI 1640 medium in control group 1. 5000,10000,20000 and 30000IU/ml of urokinase were added into the 40 samples in four experimental groups, respectively. The samples each group were cultured for 24 hours, and then the level of TGF-β₁, VEGF and PAI-1 in cultured supernatant fluids were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). ResultsTGF-β₁, VEGF and PAI-1 were not detected in control group 0. The concentration of TGF-β₁,VEGF and PAI-1 in control group 1 were (3135.205±390.975)pg/ml, (22.09±7.48)ng/ml, (1.8775±0.39) ng/ml, respectively. They decreased obviously in four experimental groups compared with control groups. ConclusionsPleural Fibroblasts could secrete TGF-β₁,VEGF and PAI-1.Urokinase could inhibit their secretion.

Comparison of drug susceptibility tests of Mycobacterum tuberculosis using the proportion method and the absolute concentration method

Zhang Xuezhi,Chen Li,Ge Yaping,Peng Ying,Lin Baifeng,Li Yanhui,Sun Yanhua,Xie Yanguang

. 2009, 31(3):  164-166. 

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ObjectiveTo compare the Results of drug susceptibility tests (DST) of Mycobacterum tuberculosis (MTB) using the proportion method and the absolute concentration method. MethodsWe adopted the absolute concentration method and the proportion method to detect the susceptibility to four anti-tuberculosis drugs (RFP, EMB, SM, INH) of 2946 MTB strains in the same time. ResultsThe accordance of the Results of four drug susceptibility tests between the proportion method and the absolute concentration method was 97.8%, 96.7%, 94.3%, 92.3%, respectively, and there were significant difference between the Results of two methods（P<0.05）. ConclusionsThere was a high general accordance between the proportion method and the absolute concentration method for the DST of MTB. But the statistic difference should be paid attention.