Abstract: This survey aims to understand the prevalence status and trend of tuberculosis (TB) in China, and evaluate the implementation of National TB Control Programme (2001—2010). Multi-stage stratified cluster proportional random sampling method was used to select the survey population. People over 15 years old in sampled survey points were administered chest X-ray, those with suspected pulmonary TB symptoms or with suspected pulmonary TB lesion shown by X-ray were performed sputum smear and culture examination. All the bacterial strain obtained were performed drug susceptibility testing of anti-TB drugs. All active TB patients detected by this survey received the socio-economic and TB knowledge awareness questionnaire. This survey has following findings. First, the prevalence of active and smear positive was 459/100 000 and 66/100 000 respectively among population over 15 years old in 2010. Secondly, the prevalence in male was higher than in female, and gradually increase by age, peaked in 75-79 years old. Thirdly, the active and smear positive prevalence of pulmonary TB were 291/100 000 and 44/100 000 in eastern part of China, 463/100 000 and 60/100 000 in the middle part, 695/100 000 and 105/100 000 in western part, 569/100 000 and 78/100 000 in rural area, 307/100 000 and 49/100 000 in cities respectively. Fourth, the multi-drug resistance TB rate was 6.8% (19/280). Fifth, the general pulblic TB knowledge awareness rate was 57.0% (720 912/1 264 905). The sixth, the annual per capital net income of TB patient household was 3292 yuan, of those 66.8% of patients lower than 60% of nationwide per capita income. In compariton with the survey in 2000, the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB showed a downward trend among people over 15 years old, as well as in different age group and gender. However, the prevalence in rural area was higher than in cities, and western part also significantly higher than the middle and eastern parts. These findings indicated that although the TB prevalence has dropped, the TB burden especially for the multi-drug resistant TB is still very serious.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/epidemiology, Prevalence, Sampling studies, Questionnaires