Abstract: Objective  To understand the influencing factors of the mortality of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (Mtb/HIV) co-infection patients during the anti-tuberculosis treatment period.  Methods  During 2007—2008, patients from 6 counties in Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan three provinces (autonomous region) were analyzed. 330 patients were observed, 33 patients died during the anti-tuberculosis treatment period.SAS 9.2 software was used to do the analysis of the impact of patients’ weight, CD4⁺T lymphocyte level, antiretroviral therapy period, HIV infection route, HIV infection years, tuberculosis type, OIs on the mortality during the antituberculosis period. There is a significant statistical difference when  P  value is below 0.05.   Results  The mortality of Mtb/HIV co-infection patients during anti-tuberculosis treatment period was 10.0%（33/330）.Analysis on the influencing factors shows that: The logistic regression model is used to analyze the impact of CD4⁺T lymphocyte level and antiretroviral therapy on the mortality. The CD4 level has no impact on patients’ mortality（Wald χ²=0.5774, P=0.4473）.The mortality of patients who received antiretroviral therapy is 7.612 times higher than that of those who didn’t receive antiretroviral therapy. Statistical test shows P  value is below 0.001（Wald χ²=14.8539）.Whether the patient receives antiretroviral therapy is a influencing factor of the mortality;As for the HIV infection route, the mortality of sexually transmitted group was（6.7%,14/210）,drug users group was （16.1%,19/118）,drug users group have a higher risk of death.Fisher’s exact test shows P value is below 0.05, There is a significant statistical difference; As for the tuberculosis type, the mortality of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis group was(20.9%,18/86), smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was(8.0%,14/174), pulmonary tuberculosis group was(11.7%,27/230), pulmonary tuberculosis with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis group was（16.7%,5/30),extra-pulmonary tuberculosis group was(1.4%,1/70),smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis has a higher risk of death, χ² test shows P  value is below 0.05（χ²=17.8685, 7.9687）, There is a significant statistical difference.  Conclusion  TB/HIV co-infection patients’ pathological degree, health status are the major influencing factors of mortality.

Key words: Tuberculosis/therapy, HIV infections, Cause of death