Abstract: Objective To analysis the treatment compliance and its influential factors of the smear-positive pulmonary TB patients in Mountainous area of Ningxia, in order to provide science evidence for patients’ management. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted, and households’ face to face questionnaire survey and personal interviews were conducted. Results Medication compliance, re-examination compliance reached 96.2%, 89.4% respectively. Adverse drug response, distance from home to TB institutions are the main factors affecting compliance. Conclusion s Adequate health education could increase the patients’ compliance. The mode of drug formulations and medication should be further improved. Government could provide appropriate transportation expenses and accommodation costs and liver function test fee to poor patients in order to avoid low compliance caused by economic difficulties.

Key words: tuberculosis,pulmonary/drug therapy, patient compliance, questionnaires, Ningxia