Abstract: Objective  We explored the clinic characteristics and efficacy in cases of methadone replacement therapy (heroin dependent patients) associated with tuberculosis in order to improve the diagnostic level on such disease.  Methods  We analyzed retrospectively our hospital’s clinic data of 62 cases of heroin dependent patients with tuberculosis (observation group) between January 2005 and December 2010,  compared with the control group (72 cases with no drug use) in clinic symptoms, lesion distribution, sputum detection, and imagings of X ray or CT.  Results  In the  observation group, the rate of over 2 lung fields was 82.3%(51/62）, 77.4%（48/62）patients had cavites and 71.0% （44/62）were sputum positive. In the control group, the rate of over 2 lung field was 54.2%（39/72）, 51.4%（37/72）had cavities and 44.4%（32/72）were sputum postive. There were statistically significant differences between two groups(χ²=11.92，9.73，9.54，P values were all less than 0.01).  Conclusion  Patients of methadone replacement therapy with tuberculosis are obviously more serious.The society should pay high attention to the prevention and treatment for these patients.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary/complications, Methadone, Heroin dependence