Abstract: Objective  To evaluate the efficacy and risk factors of prognosis in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).  Methods  One hundred and sixty-one patients conformed with MDR-TB, simultaneous resistance of isoniazid（INH）and rifampin（RFP）detected by BACTEC mycobacteria growth indicator tube（MGIT）960 culture system, received individualized protocol during hospitalization in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from 2006 to 2008. Data included demography, age, kinds and duration of antituberculosis drugs, and main complications, radiogrphy, the results of drug susceptibility test and follow-up. The risk factors were analyzed with Logistic regression by SPSS 15.0 software.  Results  The patients with MDR-TB included 116 males and 45 females （age ranged from 15 to 87 years old）. 67.08% of patients had a previous history of treatment with the second-line drugs. 68.94% cases were classified as advanced disease according to the pulmonary lesions before treament. Patients received anti-tuberculosis drugs including aminoglycoside antibiotics injection（59.0%，95/161）, polypeptide injection (80.12%，129/161), oral fluroquinolone (95.65%，154/161), prothionamide (72.67%，117/161）, isoniazid combined with para-amino salicylic acid （81.37%，131/161）, and pyrazinamide （62.11%，100/161）. 153 patients were available for evaluation, 29.41% (45/153）of patients were cured, 12.42%（19/153）died，and 58.17% (89/153) failed. Of 45 cured patients, there were 69.57% （16/23）in <30 years old, 18.75%（15/80）from 30 to 50 years old, 31.71%（13/41）from 50 to 70 years old, 11.11% （1/9）in ≥70 years. The risk factors of failure included the previous second-line drugs treatment (χ²=11.013，P<0.05), advanced pulmonary lesions (χ²=14.417，P<0.05) and age (χ²=14.969，P<0.05).  Conclusion  Age, the second-line drugs using  or not and disease situation are risk factors of treatment outcome. In order to imporve the lower successful rate and high mortality and contorl tuberculosis, new anti-tuberculosis drugs with good efficacy and low toxicity should be developed.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary/drug therapy, Tuberculosis,multidrug-resistant/drug therapy, Clinical protocols