Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of drug resistance on treatment of tuberculosis.Methods The treatment outcome of sensitive TB cases and drug resistant TB cases that weren ewly registered between February 2004 and September 2004 were analyzed and compared. Results Among the 1597 retrieved TB cases,805 were culture positive cases from whom 731 were included in the mycobacterium tuberculosis group after isolate（identification.） The drug-resistant rate of 731 patients was 18.7% and the multi-drug-resistant rate was 6.7%.The assessment of one-year treatment outcomes showed that the treatment success rate was as high as 93.0%（among） the sensitive cases, the rate was more than 85.0% of patients who had drug-resistant but not MDR strains and the rate was 71.4% of MDR-TB patients.The χ² testing showed that the difference was significant（χ²=82.996 8,P<0.01）.Of the 68 patients who were not treated successfully,38.2% were drug-resistant（patients）, while of 30 patients who were failed in treatment,60% were drug-resistant patients..Retreatment sensitive（92.0%） patients had approximate success rate of one-year treatment with new sensitive patients（93.1%）,but retreatment drug-resistant patients had much lower success rate of treatment than drug-resistant new patients. Conclusion The performance of treatment and management of TB cases in Shanghai has achieved satisfied effect.Drug resistance is an important factor leading to the failure of the treatment and great efforts should be made to improve the treatment of drug resistant patients.There is big different between drug resistant patient and sensitive patient in the treatment outcome and further evaluation needed to be conducted.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, Chemotherapy, Drug resistance