Abstract: Objective To further shorten the therapeutic period of short course chemotherapy (SCC) of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and to improve the Results of chemotherapy of MDR pulmonary tuberculosis by immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine.Methods 142 patients of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with bacteriological positive and 46 patients of MDR pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into immunotherapy groups (group A、C) control groups (group B、D) at randomized pair,group A (71 cases) of newly diagnosed PTB was received once monthly of injection of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine as immunotherapy for 6 times and a 4 months chemotherapeutic regime,group B (71 cases) of newly diagnosed PTB was received a 6 months chemotherapentic regime,groups C、D of MDR pulmonary tuberculosis were received 18 months chemotherapeutic regime and group C (23 cases) was given six times injection once monthly of M.vaccae vaccine as immunotherapy.Results After 6 months,the sputum negative conversion rate of group A was 95.8%(68/71),group B was 97.2%(69/71), P＞0.05;group C was 34.8%(8/23),group D was 4.7%(1/23), P＜0.05,at the end of treatment of MDR pulmonary tuberculosis,group C was 39.1%(9/23),group D was 8.6%(2/23),at the final follow up after 2 years,the bacteriological relapse rate of group A was 6.3%(4/64),group B was 4.5%(3/66), P＞0.05;and group C was 11.1%(1/9),group D was 50.0%(1/2), P＞0.05.Conclusion As an adjunct to chemotherapy,M.vaccae vaccine was helpful for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary/therapy, Mycobacterium,bovis, Immunotherapy, Follow up studies