Immunomodulatory effects of Mycobacterium vaccae on allergic diseases: advances and mechanisms

doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250293

Abstract

Abstract:

Mycobacterium vaccae, a non-pathogenic mycobacterial species, exhibits unique potential in immunomodulation of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Its immunomodulation effects are mediated through coordinated multicellular interactions—enhancing macrophage activity, promoting dendritic cell maturation, and inducing a Th1-polarized immune profile—while expanding regulatory T cells to suppress Th2-dominant hyperactivity, thereby correcting immune dysregulation. Preclinical evidence has demonstrated that this bacterium significantly alleviates allergic symptoms, including reduced airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, mitigated mucosal inflammation in allergic rhinitis, improved skin lesions in atopic dermatitis, and further supports its significant therapeutic efficacy and favorable safety profile in asthma and allergic rhinitis; however, optimization of administration routes and dynamic immune biomarker monitoring require refinement. Future research necessitates multidisciplinary approaches to elucidate immunomodulatory mechanisms of Mycobacterium vaccae and to advance its clinical translation, provides a novel immunomodulatory strategy for allergic diseases with broad research prospects.

Key words: Mycobacterium bovis, Anaphylaxis, Allergy and immunology, Immunotherapy, active

CLC Number:

Wang Yiwen, Qi Yunfeng, Nie Wenjuan. Immunomodulatory effects of Mycobacterium vaccae on allergic diseases: advances and mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2025, 47(12): 1658-1662. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250293

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