Abstract: The completion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome sequencing provides the evidence for the study of genetic nature of tuberculosis bacterium, and the study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene mutations has become one of hotspots in the field of TB research at present. The development and application of new technology of molecular biology, such as high-resolution melting (HRM), gene chip, DNA direct sequencing have provided more effective methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene mutation research. This paper reviewed relative literatures in recent years at home and abroad, introduced in category the principles and application of different methods in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene mutation detection. Gene mutation detection technology such as GeneXpert, Mycobacterium tuberculosis linear probe (line probe assay, LiPA), gene chip, which are more mature and are expected to be widely used at present were introduced as well.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mutation, Sequence analysis, DNA, Oligonucleotide array sequence analysis