Abstract: Objective  To retrospectively analyze the clinical effect of interventional bronchoscopy for tracheobronchial tuberculosis.  Methods  From January 2010 to September 2012, sixty-seven patients in our hospital with initial tracheobronchial tuberculosis were enrolled. Thirty-four patients receiving interventional bronchoscopy and chemotherapy of tuberculosis(3HRZE/9HRE) were included in the treated group. Nineteen patients in the treated group received cryotherapy treatment only. Other fifteen patients in treated group received balloon dilatation after cryotherapy treatment. Thirty-three patients receiving chemotherapy of tuberculosis(3HRZE/9HRE) only were included in the control group. Both groups were treated with isoniazide aerosol inhalation. For these patients receiving 6 months treatment, we analyzed the sputum negative rates, the improvement rate of X-ray manifestations and the improvement rate of lesions founded by bronchoscopy. T-test and chi-square test were used for statistics.  Results  After 6 months, the treated group showed the sputum negative conversion rates was 89.7%（26/29）.It was higher than the control group(65.4%,17/26).There was statistical difference between the two groups （χ²=4.734, P=0.030). The treated group showed the improvement rate of X-ray manifestations was 85.3%（29/34）. It was higher than the control group(57.6%，19/33). There was statistical difference between the two groups （χ²=6.333,P=0.012). The treated group showed the improvement rate of lesions founded by bronchoscopy was 73.5%（25/34）.It was higher than the control group(48.5%,16/33).There was statistical difference between the two groups (χ²=4.423, P=0.035). The recovery rate receiving both cryotherapy and ballon dilatation was 93.3%(14/15). It was higher than that of only receiving cryotherapy by bronchoscopy (57.9%,11/19). There was statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.047).  Conclusion  This study suggests chemotherapy treatment combined with interventional bronchoscopy is superior to single chemotherapy treatment for granulation hyperplastic and ulcerative necrotizing bronchial tuberculosis, cryotherapy treatment by bronchoscopy combined with balloon dilatation is superior to single cryotherapy treatment.

Key words: Tuberculosis, bronchi/therapy, Bronchoscopy, Drug therapy, Cryotherapy, Balloon dilatation